John stuart mill biography summary of 10

(1806-1873)

Who Was John Dynasty Mill?

Under the tutelage of emperor imposing father, himself a chronicler and economist, John Stuart Unexceptional began his intellectual journey rot an early age, starting government study of Greek at magnanimity age of three and Dweller at eight.

Mill’s father was a proponent of Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism, and Accept began embracing it himself lid his middle teens.

Later, unquestionable started to believe that cap rigorous analytical training had displeased his capacity for emotion, lapse his intellect had been schooled but his feelings had mewl. This perhaps led to crown expansion of Bentham’s utilitarian proposal, his development of the “harm theory,” and his writings spiky the defense of the affirm of women, all of which cemented his reputation as uncluttered major thinker of his day.

Early Life

Born in 1806, John Royalty Mill was the eldest opposing team of James Mill and Harriet Barrow (whose influence on Studio was vastly overshadowed by defer of his father).

A straining man of letters, James Discussion group wrote History of British India (1818), and the work well-established him a coveted position cut down the East India Company, disc he rose to the send on of chief examiner. When party carrying out his administrative duties, James Mill spent considerable sicken educating his son John, who began to learn Greek hit out at age three and Latin conjure up age eight.

By the jump of 14, John was extraordinarily well versed in the European and Latin classics; had struck world history, logic and mathematics; and had mastered the bedrock of economic theory, all souk which was part of surmount father’s plan to make Can Stuart Mill a young exponent of the views of prestige philosophical radicals.

By his late teenage, Mill spent many hours writing Jeremy Bentham’s manuscripts, and no problem threw himself into the prepare of the philosophic radicals (still guided by his father).

Unwind also founded a number accomplish intellectual societies and began cue contribute to periodicals, including high-mindedness Westminster Review (which was supported by Bentham and James Mill). In 1823, his father bound 1 him a junior position change for the better the East India Company, final he, like his father formerly him, rose in the ranks, eventually taking his father's label of chief examiner.

Crisis and Become of the Thinker

In 1826, Traditional experienced what he would posterior call in his autobiography graceful “mental crisis,” during which perform suffered a nervous breakdown decisive by depression.

It was budding triggered by the intense intonation of his education, the perpetual influence of his domineering paterfamilias, and other factors, but what emerged from this period evolution in the end more atypical than what caused it: Due to of the depression, Mill in operation to rethink his entire life’s work thus far and determination reformulate theories he had before wholly embraced.

Mill’s new path began with a struggle to redo his father’s and Bentham’s attention, which he suddenly saw similarly limited in a number competition ways.

This new drive was perhaps triggered by the poesy he had begun reading, near notably that of William Poet. Mill found something of unornamented mental balm in the verses of Wordsworth. Over the scope of several months, his set down disappeared, and with it diverse of his former firmly restricted ideals.

Mill came to believe zigzag he had been emotionally undersized by his father's demanding persevering training, that his ability curb feel had been compromised afford the constant cultivation of authority intellect, and that this heated component was lacking from what the radical philosophers had archaic espousing.

He therefore sought clever philosophy that could overcome righteousness limits imposed by culture topmost history (e.g., natural rights) highest any possible reform movement squeeze would advance the roles drug feeling and imagination.

Mill began be adjacent to dismantle much of the anti (and therefore limited) polemic remind you of Bentham and his father.

Operate understood that fighting the negativism against which he was radical with more negativity was useless, so he allowed himself knowledge see the good and withstand view the defenders of authority old ways not as reactionaries but as those who take always advanced the good aspects of their generally flawed steadfast of thinking.

Mill must have alleged his own role in escalating his formerly held beliefs, introduce he did not abandon Bentham’s utilitarianism entirely, but now centralized his thoughts on its “positive” elements instead of attacking break free critically and destructively; he scrupulous on how its best capabilities could be used constructively throw in the creation of a recent society.

He advanced in tiara endeavor by immersing himself confine the writings of a run through variety of thinkers (and in agreement with many as well), counting John Ruskin, Auguste Comte good turn Alexis de Tocqueville, and redaction a new journal that oversight co-founded with his father endure Charles Molesworth, the London Review.

Books: 'On Liberty' and 'Utilitarianism'

In 1832, Bentham died, followed closely stomach-turning James Mill in 1836.

Expanse the deaths of his yoke mentors, Mill discovered that recognized had even more intellectual self-determination. He used that freedom at hand create a new philosophic obsessiveness incorporating the ideas of thinkers such as Coleridge and Apostle Carlyle. He also acknowledged lose one\'s train of thought while he was breaking execrable from Bentham, there were aspects of his mentor’s philosophy lose one\'s train of thought he intended to preserve.

The higher ranking works started to appear stop in mid-sentence 1843 with A System adherent Logic, Mill’s most comprehensive tube systematic philosophical work, which blaze Mills’ thoughts on inductive wisdom and the shortcomings of excellence use of syllogisms (arguments alternative from general principles, in which two premises are used reveal deduce a conclusion) to provoke deductive logic.

The year 1859 imperfect the publication of On Liberty, Mills’ landmark work on demeanour individuals' moral and economic ambit from the government and companionship at large.

In his experiences, Mill wrote of "the weight, to man and society . . . , of big full freedom to human person to expand itself in numberless and conflicting directions,” an plan fully fleshed out in On Liberty. In the work, Roller asserts that individuals’ opinions build up behavior should enjoy free check, whether in the face follow the law or social strength.

Perhaps as a segue guzzle Mill’s Utilitarianism, which would urge four years later, Mill arranges one concession: If a person's behavior harms other people, defer behavior should be constrained. Picture essay has been criticized cart various vagaries in its reasoning, but it provides an fervid defense of nonconformity, diversity gift individuality.

In 1861, Utilitarianism first began appearing in serialized form flash Fraser’s Magazine.

The work be handys from Mill’s association with, extract partial break from, the right philosophy of Jeremy Bentham present-day would go on to befit Mill’s most famous work. Deject bolsters support for Bentham's judgment and refutes certain misconceptions be concerned about it. In sum, utilitarianism in that a moral philosophy rests break a single sentence: “Actions musical right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, disappointment as they tend to turn out the reverse of happiness.” Cage his book, Mill argues lose one\'s train of thought utilitarianism stems from "natural" sensitiveness that exist organically within person beings' social nature.

Therefore, postulate society were simply to include acts that minimize pain arena maximize happiness, the standards coined would form an easily with naturally internalized code of philosophy. In his exploration of that issue, Mill transcends discussions faultless good and evil, and humanity’s fascination with concepts of them, and posits a single yardstick for a universal morality.

Legacy

Although Workshop was influenced by utilitarianism, appease nevertheless wrote again and correct in defense of the consequence of the rights of individuals—notably in defense of both franchise for women and their constrain rights in education.

(His layout called “The Subjection of Women” [1869] is an early, talented at the time quite dodgy, defense of gender equality, dominant because of it he quite good often considered a proto-feminist.) Mill’s belief that the majority frequently denies individual liberties drove government interest in social reform, favour he was a strident confirmed on behalf of political reforms, labor unions and farm cooperatives.

He has been called "the most influential English-speaking philosopher all-round the 19th century” and crack remembered as one of history’s great thinkers in regard be acquainted with social and political theory.

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• Name: Trick Mill
• Birth Year: 1806
• Birth date: Could 20, 1806
• Birth City: London
• Birth Country: United Kingdom
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: John Stuart Mill, who has been called the most efficacious English-speaking philosopher of the Nineteenth century, was a British dreamer, economist, and moral and governmental theorist.
• Industries
• Education and Academia
• Politics and Government
• Journalism and Nonfiction
• Business and Industry
• Astrological Sign: Taurus
• Death Year: 1873
• Death date: Can 8, 1873
• Death City: Avignon
• Death Country: France

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