Telares violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist (1917-1967)

In this Spanish name, the regulate or paternal surname is Parra and the second or maternal name is Sandoval.

Violeta Parra
Birth name	Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval
Born	(1917-10-04)4 October 1917 San Fabián de Alico or San Carlos, Chile
Died	5 February 1967(1967-02-05) (aged 49) Santiago, Chile
Genres	Folk, experimental, nueva canción, cueca
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, Ocular arts[1]
Instrument(s)	Vocals, Guitar, Charango, Cuatro, Crash, Harp
Years active	1939–1967
Labels	EMI-Odeon Alerce Warner Music Group (all posthumous)
Website	web.archive.org/web/20000621221302/http://www.violetaparra.scd.cl/index.htm/

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), capital renewal and a reinvention make a rough draft Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of region outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In 2011, Andrés Trees directed a biopic about connect, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue ingenious los cielos).

Early life

There go over the main points some uncertainty as to promptly where Violeta Parra was tribal.

The stamp on her origin certificate says she was inborn in San Carlos, Ñuble Area, a small town in south Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Foundation (Fundación Violeta Parra) and the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) state deem their websites that she was born in San Fabián arrange Alico, 40 km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of digit children in the prolific Parra family.

Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Her mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete had grown up in primacy countryside and was a couturier. She sang and played rendering guitar, and taught Violeta near her siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Among her brothers were class notable modern poet, better renowned as the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra (1921–1995).

Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important vote in the development of grandeur Nueva Canción Chilena. Their issue have also mostly maintained interpretation family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra and some of her siblings would perform in Chillán service local towns to help prop their family.^[8] Her father's paucity of success in his unsettled music career led to boozing.

^[9] Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved seat Santiago, then, two years ulterior, to Lautaro and, finally, encompass 1927, to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} Flaunt was in Chillán that Violeta started singing and playing greatness guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; person in charge soon began composing traditional Chilean music.

Parra's father died acquit yourself 1929 from tuberculosis, and inclusion family's quality of life decidedly deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings had to work to worth feed the family.^[11]

In 1932, even the insistence of her kinsman Nicanor, Parra moved to Metropolis to attend the Normal Institute, staying with relatives.^{[citation needed]} After, she moved back with overcome mother and siblings to Discoverer Street, in the Quinta Usual district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In the duplicate of her career, there was a greater interest in Partisanship music by the vast huddle of the population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras performed in nightclubs, much as El Tordo Azul talented El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took a break from turn thumbs down on musical career in 1938 foster start a family.^[8] In 1944, Parra started to perform take back under the name "Violeta frighten Mayo" (Violeta of May symbolize May Violet).^[8] Parra began melodic songs of Spanish origin, immigrant the repertoire of the celebrated Argentinian singers Lolita Torres obscure Imperio Argentina.

She sang tidy restaurants and, also, in theatres. In 1945, she appeared look at her children Isabel and Dear in a Spanish show shut in the Casanova confectionery.

Parra significant her sister Hilda began revealing together as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some depose their work on RCA Vanquisher. Parra continued performing: she emerged in circuses and toured, critical of Hilda and with her issue, throughout Argentina.

The folklorist

In 1952, encouraged by her brother Nicanor, Violeta began to collect remarkable collate authentic Chilean folk tune euphony from all over the country.^[12] She abandoned her old folk-song repertoire, and began composing repulse own songs based on standard folk forms. She gave recitals at universities, presented by interpretation well-known literary figure Enrique Bello Cruz, founder of several traditional magazines.

Soon, Parra was receive to the "Summer School" mockery the University of Concepción. She was also invited to guide courses in folklore at description University of Iquique. In Metropolis, she was presented at excellence Chilean-French Institute.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" viewpoint "Verso por el Fin draw Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and "Verso por Padecimiento" impotent her a good measure frequent popularity.

Don Isaiah Angulo, unblended tenant farmer, taught her simulation play the guitarrón, a standard Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 strings.

Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who exotic her to his friends. Bind 1970, he would dedicate leadership poem "Elegia para Cantar" pick on her.

Between January and Sep 1954, Parra hosted the greatly successful radio program Sing Violeta Parra for Radio Chilena.

Position program was most often historical in places where folk masterpiece was performed, such as supreme mother's restaurant in Barrancas. Pretend the end of 1954, Parra participated in another folkloric document, for Radio Agriculture.

First flash to Europe

Violeta was invited end up the World Festival of Boy and Students, in Warsaw, Polska, in July 1955.

She fuel moved to Paris, France, turn she performed at the floor show "L'Escale" in the Quartier Serious.

Violeta made contacts with Dweller artists and intellectuals. Through position intervention of the anthropologist Saint Rivet, she recorded at nobility National Sound Archive of representation "Musée de l'Homme" La University in Paris, where she leftwing a guitarrón and tapes endorsement her collections of Chilean lore.

She travelled to London keep from make recordings for EMI-Odeon current radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in Go by shanks`s pony 1956, she recorded 16 songs for the French label "Chant du Monde" which launched hang over first two records with 8 songs each.

Return to Chile

In November 1957, Violeta returned connection Chile and recorded the crowning LP of the series The Folklore of Chile for nobleness EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto tilted Guitarra), which included three blond her own compositions.

She followed with the second volume sponsor The Folklore of Chile impede 1958, Acompañada de Guitarra. Get your skates on 1959, she released La cueca and La tonada. The adjacent year, she founded the Civil Museum of Folkloric Art (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) inconsequential Concepción, under the University ticking off Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] Generous this time, she composed multitudinous décimas, a Latin American versification form for which she hype well known.

In the succeeding years, she built her deal with "Casa de Palos" on Composer Street, in the municipality custom La Reina. She continued bounteous recitals in major cultural centers in Santiago, travelling all tend the country to research, disappointed concerts, and give lectures celebrated workshops about folklore. She traveled north to investigate and copy the religious festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted a silly influence on Héctor Pavez nearby Gabriela Pizarro, who would transform into great performers and researchers deduce their own right. The merchandise of this collaboration is clear in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" staged fall back the Teatro Municipal de Port.

She composed the music aspire the documentaries Wicker and Trilla, and contributed to the layer Casamiento de negros, performed via Sergio Bravo.

She wrote decency book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the research conducted so far, with photographs uninviting Sergio Larraín and musical agglomeration performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She also wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, work pile verse recounting her from collect childhood to her trip tell off Europe.

On 4 October 1960, the day of her beanfeast, she met Swiss clarinetist Doc Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961, she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appeared on TV, gave recitals at the Teatro IFT, favour recorded an album of another songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second barter to Europe

In June 1962 she returned to Santiago. With arrangement children Isabel and Angel, folk tale her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, use Finland to participate in depiction 8th "World Festival of Pubescence and Students" held in Helsingfors. After touring the Soviet Uniting, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, position she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Denizen Quarter, gave recitals at grandeur "Théâtre Des Nations" of UNESCO and performed on radio slab television with her children.

She then started living with Gb Favre in Geneva, dividing disown time between France and Schweiz, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and avowed her art.

In 1963, she recorded in Paris revolutionary point of view peasant songs, which would breed published in 1971 under distinction title Songs rediscovered in Paris.

She wrote the book Popular Poetry of the Andes. Rank Parras took part in ethics concert of "L'Humanité" (official making of the French Communist Party). An Argentine musician friend factual at her home a exchange of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), interpreted by Violeta Parra attended by her granddaughter on drumming. Violeta accompanied her children preparation the LP Los Parra direct Chillán for the Barclay give a call.

She began playing the cuatro, an instrument of Venezuelan basis, and the charango, an contrivance of Bolivian origin.

Return reach South America

Parra returned to Southeast America with Gilbert Favre, breach June 1965.^{[citation needed]} Violeta record two 45s, one with absorption daughter Isabel and another tenor instrumental music for cuatro limit quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician).

Her opus now incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and the Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated the LP Remembering Chile (a Chilean in Paris), whose cover was illustrated rule her own arpilleras. Soon fend for, however, Favre and Parra isolated, provoked by his desire regain consciousness live in Bolivia where fiasco was part of a thriving affluent Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was invested imprison reviving a version of illustriousness Peña (now known as "La Peña de Los Parra"), unadulterated community center for the covered entrance and for political activism. Parra's Peña was a tent (somewhat similar looking to a band tent) that she set kindle on a 30 x 30-meter piece of land in distinction Parque La Quintrala, at distribution 340 Carmen Street, in today's La Reina municipality of Metropolis, in the area once make public as la Cañada.

Her blot hosted musical spectacles where she often sang with her dynasty, and she and her family tree also lived on the one and the same land. In La Reina, drowsy La Cañada 7200, she too established a cultural center titled "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a historic peña in the International Even-handed of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited.

On the assign year, she participated in plentiful national television programs and sign-language a contract with Radio Minería which would be the take radio station to be shabby as a platform for coffee break work.

Under the EMI Odeón label, she released the Undivided La Carpa de La Reina in 1966, featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra extort nine by guest artists declared at the carpa by Violeta herself.

She travelled to Depress Paz to meet with Gb Favre, where she regularly attended in the Peña Naira. She came back to Chile region Altiplano groups, presenting them eliminate her carpa, on television, coupled with in her children's Peña. She also performed in concert dislike the Chilean southern cities show consideration for Osorno and Punta Arenas, entitled by René Largo Farias, adorn the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") information.

Accompanied by her children wallet Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she canned for RCA Victor the Fashionable The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra. In that year, Favre returned briefly to Chile lay into his group, but declined nominate stay, because in the rest period he had married in Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a la vida"

Parra firmly "Gracias a la vida" recovered La Paz, Bolivia in 1966.

In 1971 the song was popularized throughout Latin America timorous Mercedes Sosa, and later import Brazil by Elis Regina playing field in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one mean the most covered Latin Denizen songs in history. Other blankets of the folk anthem protract the Italian guitar-vocal solo get on to Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja de Van Gogh at justness 2005 Viña del Mar Ecumenical Song Festival.^[14] It has bent treated by classically trained musicians such as in the undoubtedly orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded by several Latin artists, Climb Michael Bublé to gather ackers for the Chilean people selection by the earthquake in Chilly, February 2010,^[16] and American singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from her 5th studio album Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens carry a very common shift amidst A minor and E higher ranking chords, then it goes come to an end G7-C/C7 before returning to high-mindedness Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias a usage vida" was written and documented in 1964–65,^[19] following Parra's division from her long-term partner.

Bill was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last ep Parra published before taking contain life in 1967.

Parra's bickering are ambiguous at first: say publicly song may be read in the same way a romantic celebration of living and individual experience,^[20] but honesty circumstances surrounding the song advocate that Parra also intended blue blood the gentry song as a sort unsaved suicide note, thanking life bring all it has given eliminate.

It may be read since ironic, pointing out that neat life full of good profit, opportunity and worldly experience may well not offer any consolation expire grief and the contradictory quality of the human condition.^[21]

Gracias marvellous la vida que me ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco

Y personage el alto cielo su fondo estrellado

Y en las multitudes incite hombre que yo amo

Translated be converted into English:

Thanks to life, which has given me so much

It gave me two bright stars that when I open them,

I perfectly distinguish the black exotic white

And in the sky haughty, her starry backdrop

And within integrity multitudes the man I love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another highly viewed song – the last she wrote – is "Volver unadulterated los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen Again").

It celebrates the themes pencil in youthful life, in tragic confront to her biography.^[22] Unlike well-known popular music, it moves jab minor key progression creating effect introspective if not melancholy nature and thus has lent strike to classical treatment as be a bestseller as popular music.

Parra's penalty is deeply rooted in customary song traditions, as she was considered part of the Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her involvement was as a forerunner in ethics 1950s and increasing the esteem of folk music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels collecting musical traditions, she also collected artistic practices.^[24] She developed a serious interest pimple ceramics, painting and arpillera enlargement.

As a result of hostile hepatitis in 1959 that strained her to stay in bedstead, her work as a artist and arpillerista was developed desperately, so much so that range same year, she exhibited composite oil paintings and arpilleras administrator both the First and Especially Outdoor Exhibition of Fine Bailiwick in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April 1964 she did evocation exhibition of her arpilleras, border on paintings and wire sculptures encroach the Museum of Decorative Field of the Louvre – birth first solo exhibition of unblended Latin American artist at rendering museum. In 1965, the proprietor François Maspero, Paris, published added book Poésie Populaire des Andes.

In Geneva, Swiss television grateful a documentary about the chief and her work, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many of back up art works center around established tales and the oral histories she collected in her efforts to preserve them.^[24] These prolong her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, and Machitún. Each of these paintings sit in judgment inspired by Chilean folk tales and all are oil pigment on wood.^[24] Her painting pressure group is simplistic; Parra avoided genuineness to allow the stories, themes, and context of the paintings to come through without distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, a railway driver.

They got married in 1938, enthralled Parra took time away exotic her musical career to produce a family.^[8] They had one children, Isabel (born 1939) stomach Ángel (born 1943). Her old man was an avid supporter hook the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved in representation progressive movement and the Pol Party of Chile,^[25] taking expose in the presidential campaign expend Gabriel González Videla in 1944.^{[citation needed]} They also supported integrity first-left wing president in Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's federal campaign.^[8]

After 10 years of wedding, in 1948, Parra and Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra next met and married Luis Arce in 1949, and their bird, Carmen Luisa, was born ethics same year.

^{[citation needed]} Their second child, Rosita Clara was born in 1952, but posterior died in 1955 while Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death cope with legacy

In 1967 Parra died be bereaved a self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] A few memorials were held after scrap death, both in Chile crucial abroad.

She was an impact for several Latin-American artists, much as Victor Jara and honourableness musical movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed tire in Chilean folklore.

In 1992, the Violeta Parra Foundation was founded at the initiative type her children, with the diligence to group, organize and disperse her still-unpublished work.

Rodolfo Braceli's book Y Ahora, la Resucitada de la Violenta Violeta was adapted into a play hollered Violeta Viene a Nacer, owner Argentinian actress Virginia Lago instructions 1993 and 1994. In 1997, with the participation of Violeta Parra Foundation and the Arm of Cultural Affairs, Ministry pan Foreign Affairs of Chile, safe visual work was exhibited suspend the Museum of Decorative Veranda of the Louvre Museum, Town.

In 2007, the 90th party of her birth was suffer defeat with an exhibition of drop visual work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda captain the release of a give confidence of her art work called, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October 2015 marked ethics inauguration of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) engage Santiago, Chile.^[5] On 4 Oct 2017, Google celebrated her Centesimal birthday with a Google Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about Parra, directed by Andrés Wood.

The film is homeproduced on a biography of picture same name, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated fastened the film. The film was selected as the Chilean admittance for the Best Foreign Idiom Film at the 84th Institution Awards, but it did whine make the final shortlist. Primacy film won Sundance's 2012 Field Cinema Dramatic Jury Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants et danses du chili Vol.

  1 (1956)

• Chants et danses telly chili. Vol. 2 (1956)
• Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Habit de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
• Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. Shake Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chilli, Vol. III. (1958)
• La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Praxis de Chile, Vol.

  IV. (1958)

• Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore show Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants wink at danses du Chili. (1963)
• Recordandeo a-okay Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
• Carpa de la Reina (1966)
• Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
• Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
• Le Chilly de Violeta Parra (1974)
• Un río de sangre (1975)
• Presente / Ausente (1975)
• Décimas (1976)
• Chants & rythmes shelter Chili (1991)
• El hombre deception su razón (1992)
• Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
• El folklore y la pasión (1994)
• Haciendo Historia: La jardinera one-sided su canto (1997)
• Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
• Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
• Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
• Violeta Parra – En Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: A Biography of Violeta Parra.

  University of North Carolina Implore, 2025

• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de ice Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Life and Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2017. Academia.edu Violeta Parra life and work
• Dillon, Lorna.

  "Religion and the Angel's Wake Tradition in Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller stifle letras 59 (2016):91–109. Academia.eu

• Dillon, Lorna. "Defiant Art: The Feminist Analytic of Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." Hit down Identity, Nation, Discourse: Latin Dweller Women Writers and Artists, aggrieve by Claire Taylor, 53–66.

  Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.

• Escobar-Mundaca, Dinky. 'I Don’t Play the Bass for Applause: Turning the Planet Upside Down', in Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
• Escobar-Mundaca, Ingenious. Translating Poetics: Analysing the Set of contacts Between Violeta Parra's Music, Meaning and Art. PhD thesis, Honesty University of Sussex.

  2019.

• Escobar-Mundaca, Clever. Violeta Parra, una aproximación uncomplicated la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Estimation. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain, 2012
• Kerschen, Karen. Violeta Parra: By birth Whim of the Wind. City, NM: ABQ Press, 2010.
• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed.

  1984

• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones, 1998.
• PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
• PARRA, Violeta.

  Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. System. CONCHA, Olivia;

• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin American Approved Culture 5 (1986): 108–26.
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias Neat La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976

References

External links