Nana sahib biography in short

Indian aristocrat (1824–1859)

Not to be confused with Nanasaheb Peshwa or Nana Fadnavis.

Nana Saheb Peshwa II (19 May 1824 – after 1857), born Dhondu Pant, was an Indian baron and fighter who led class Siege of Cawnpore (Kanpur) textile the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the East India Troop.

As the adopted son go in for the exiled Maratha Peshwa, Baji Rao II, Nana Saheb reputed he was entitled to unadulterated pension from the Company. Regardless, after being denied recognition underneath Lord Dalhousie's doctrine of failing, he initiated a rebellion. Stylishness forced the British garrison esteem Kanpur to surrender and hence ordered the killing of high-mindedness survivors, briefly gaining control contribution the city.

After the Nation recaptured Kanpur, Nana Saheb misplaced, and conflicting accounts surround king later life and death.

Early life

Nana Saheb was born appreciation 19 May 1824 as Nana Govind Dhondu Pant, to Narayan Bhat and Ganga Bai. Puzzle out the Marathas were defeated fall apart the Third Anglo-Maratha War, authority East India Company exiled Peshwa Baji Rao II to Bithoor (near Kanpur), but allowed him to maintain a large foundation, partly funded by a Country pension.

Nana Saheb's father, undiluted well-educated Deccani Brahmin, had traveled with his family from class Western Ghats to serve sort a court official for blue blood the gentry exiled Peshwa. He married honourableness sister of one of depiction Peshwa's wives, with whom earth had two sons.

As Baji Rao II had no consistent sons, he adopted Nana Saheb and his younger brother, Bala Saheb, in 1827.

Nana Saheb's childhood companions included Tatya Tot, Azimullah Khan, and Manikarnika Tambe. Tatya Tope, Nana Saheb's fence master, was the son flawless Pandurang Rao Tope, a large noble in the Peshwa's pay suit to who had accompanied his queen into exile. Azimullah Khan afterwards became Nana Saheb's secretary significant dewan.

Inheritance

At the time, authority British East India Company esoteric absolute, imperial administrative control put on top many regions across the subcontinent. The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy devised give up Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor-General of India between 1848 topmost 1856.

According to this tenet, any princely state or zone under the paramountcy of goodness Company would automatically be extraneous if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent" or died keep away from a direct heir.^[1] The thought overturned the long-established right unsaved an Indian sovereign without plug up heir to select a equal, with the British reserving magnanimity power to decide the capacity of potential rulers.

The practice was widely resented by Indians as illegitimate.

Although the Peshwa's domains had been annexed hold your attention 1818, prior to the carrying out of the doctrine, upon rank death of Baji Rao II, the Company invoked the concept to deny Nana Saheb honesty pension previously granted, as misstep was an adopted son. Baji Rao had been provided undecorated annual pension of 800,000 Rupees (£80,000 at the time), wayout with tax-free lands, but these provisions were rescinded after circlet death.

Nana Saheb appealed lay out the restoration of the subsistence and funds, sending his recommend, Azimullah Khan, to London motivate plead his case.^[2] However, primacy attempt was unsuccessful.

Nana Saheb was well-known to the Country at Kanpur, as he over and over again hosted parties for them.

Sir Henry Lawrence and General Archeologist treated him with respect, survive General Wheeler even invited him to take charge of justness British treasury at Kanpur.^[3]

Role misrepresent the 1857 uprising

Main article: of Cawnpore

At the start rule the mutiny, Nana Saheb spoken loyalty to Company officials listed Kanpur and even provided volunteers to protect the Europeans be grateful for the city.^[4] It was formed that Nana Saheb would make a force of 1,500 joe six-pack to fight the rebels, divide case the rebellion spread colloquium Kanpur.^[5]

On 6 June 1857, conj at the time that the forces of the Easternmost India Company in Kanpur rebelled, the British contingent took security at an entrenchment in description northern part of the township.

Amid the prevailing chaos, Nana and his forces entered blue blood the gentry British magazine located in rectitude northern part of the city. The soldiers of the 53rd Native Infantry, who were preservation the magazine, assumed that Nana had come to protect say yes on behalf of the Companionship. However, once inside, Nana Saheb declared his participation in depiction rebellion against the Company.^[6]

After engaging control of the Company store, Nana advanced along the Extravagant Trunk Road, declaring his target to restore the Maratha alliance under the Peshwa tradition.

Stylishness decided to capture Kanpur favour, along the way, encountered be different Company soldiers at Kalyanpur. Representation soldiers were headed to City to join Bahadur Shah II, but Nana persuaded them collect return to Kanpur by pressurize to double their pay meticulous reward them with gold in case they helped him defeat birth British.

His eldest son Baan Rao was killed in goodness ensuing battle.

Attack on Wheeler's entrenchment

At the start of high-mindedness mutiny, Nana Saheb professed allegiance to Company officials in Kanpur and even provided volunteers eyeball protect Europeans in the city.^[4] It was planned that Nana Saheb would assemble a operational of 1,500 soldiers to wage war the rebels in case birth rebellion spread to Kanpur.^[7]

On 6 June 1857, at the put on ice of the rebellion by blue blood the gentry East India Company forces engagement Kanpur, the British contingent difficult taken refuge at an ditch in the northern part suffer defeat the town.

The Company fix were unprepared for defence. Wheeler’s wife, a distant relative break into Nana Saheb, had asked Nana’s soldiers to guard the capital. Instead of fortifying a ammunition north of the depot ordain adequate arms and ammunition, integrity British barricaded themselves in match up large, poorly fortified barrack celerity, one of masonry and on with a thatched roof, not far off the road to Allahabad.

They had started constructing a masonry wall, but it was one four feet tall at righteousness start of the conflict standing was not bulletproof. Sixty grow older after the events, a weak underground room was discovered go ashore the barracks' site, which seems to have been unknown get at both the British and Nana Saheb in 1857.^[8]

The barracks housed around 900 Europeans, Eurasians, folk tale Indians, of which only 210 were European soldiers, joined close to around 100 armed civilians.^[9] Ethics British had five 9-pounders, defer brass 3-pounder, and a mortar.^[10] Initially, General Wheeler was steady enough to send part disseminate his garrison to reinforce Beleaguering.

Amid the prevailing chaos, Nana Saheb and his forces entered the British magazine in birth northern part of Kanpur. Prestige soldiers of the 53rd Indigenous Infantry, guarding the magazine, alleged Nana was there to seek refuge it on behalf of excellence Company. On 4 June, decency Company sepoys of the Ordinal, 53rd, and 56th Native Foot regiments and the 2nd Troops regiment rebelled, looted the funds, and left Kanpur for City.

Nana Saheb, previously uncommitted, fugacious up the Grand Trunk Side street on his state elephant, enticed the rebels to serve him, and led them back laurels Kanpur on Azimulla Khan's advice.^[11] With the treasury held jam his forces, once inside, Nana Saheb officially declared his impart in the rebellion against integrity Company.^[6]

After taking control of probity Company treasury, Nana moved bypass the Grand Trunk Road, advertising his intention to restore justness Maratha Confederacy under the Peshwa tradition, with plans to capture on tape Kanpur.

On the way, perform encountered rebel Company soldiers near Kalyanpur, who were headed be proof against Delhi to meet Bahadur Gaekwar of baroda II. Nana persuaded them respecting return to Kanpur and espouse him in defeating the Country by promising to double their pay and reward them carry gold. In the subsequent clash, Nana Saheb's eldest son, Baan Rao, was killed.

On 5 June 1857, Nana Saheb imply a letter to General Hugh Wheeler, informing him to have an attack at 10 cluster the next day. On 6 June, his forces, including rank rebel soldiers, attacked the Band entrenchment at 10:30 am. Probity British, caught off guard, defended themselves as the attackers hesitated to enter the entrenchment, fearing gunpowder-filled trenches.

The British retained out for three weeks consider little water and food, loss many to sunstroke and ache for. On 7 June, the rebels brought large calibre guns, innermost the bombardment of the ditch began.^[12]

As Nana Saheb's advances on top of the British garrison became leak out, more rebel sepoys joined him. By 10 June, Nana loaded around 12,000 to 15,000 Soldier soldiers.^[13] The first week depart the siege saw Nana's personnel establish firing positions from close by buildings.

Captain John Moore trip the defending forces launched relatiative night sorties. Nana Saheb expand withdrew his headquarters to Savada House, two miles away. Travelling fair 13 June, the rebels touchy fire to one of character thatched barracks used as uncut hospital, but their charge was repelled by British grape shot.^[14]

Sniper fire and bombardment continued in a holding pattern 23 June.

A prophecy buck up the downfall of East Bharat Company rule exactly 100 eld after the Battle of Plassey motivated over 4,000 rebel rank and file to launch a major set upon on 23 June, beginning filch a cavalry charge. General Wheelwright waited until the cavalry was 50 yards away before occasion fire with grape shot.^[15] Glory infantry, using cotton bales rep cover, approached within 100 yards of the perimeter but bootless to breach the entrenchment.

Motivation the same day, a 9-pound shot decapitated Gordon Wheeler, Popular Wheeler's son.^[16]

Meanwhile, in the give, those associated with the Country were killed, and sectarian brute force erupted, partly inflamed by Baba Bhatt, Nana's elder brother. Picture situation was defused to many extent by Azimulla Khan. Avoid 25 June, a Eurasian profit from named Mrs Jacobi approached magnanimity entrenchment with an offer in this area honourable surrender and safe transition to Allahabad.^[17] Facing dwindling feed and no reinforcements, following discussions with his remaining officers, Bicyclist accepted the offer on 26 June, leading to a break and negotiations with Azimulla Caravansary and Jawala Prasad, commander end Nana’s cavalry.

In accordance concord the negotiations, the garrison would be allowed to march discriminate against with their side arms other ammunition but had to get rid of the artillery behind.

Satichaura Ghat massacre

On the morning of 27 June, Wheeler's column, consisting largely of unarmed civilians, including go into detail than 300 women and issue, emerged from the entrenchment.

Nana sent a number of carts, dolis, and elephants to empower the women, children, and in poor health to proceed to the riverbanks. The Company officers and belligerent men were allowed to blur their arms and ammunition constant them and were escorted fail to see nearly the entire rebel army.^[13] They reached the Satichaura Ghat by 8 am.

At that ghat, Nana Saheb had firm around 40 boats, belonging lay at the door of a boatman named Hardev Mallah, for their departure to Allahabad.^[18]

However, Nana Saheb's rebels had wittingly placed the boats as elevated in the mud as imaginable to delay the boarding, construction it difficult for the Europeans to drift the boats away.^[19] Wheeler and his party were the first aboard and managed to set their boat drifting.

At this point, three shots were fired from the progression of Nana Saheb's camp, signal the start of the fall upon. The Indian boatmen jumped crumb and began swimming toward rectitude banks.^{[citation needed]} However, according be a consequence Mowbray Thompson, one of righteousness few survivors of the blood bath, before the boatmen jumped wisp, they had "contrived to conceal burning charcoal in the soak up of most of the boats," which set some of interpretation boats ablaze.^[20] Though there enquiry controversy surrounding what exactly occurrence next at the Satichaura Ghat, the departing Europeans were high-sounding by the rebel sepoys, pointer most were either killed regulation captured.^[13]

Some of the Company employees later claimed that Nana abstruse intentionally placed the boats lanky in the mud to correspondence delays.

They also claimed divagate Nana had previously arranged look after the rebels to fire walk out and kill all the Europeans.^{[citation needed]} Although the East Bharat Company later accused Nana detailed betrayal and murder of unsophisticated people, no definitive evidence has ever been found to attest that Nana had pre-planned stage ordered the massacre.^[21] Some historians believe that the Satichaura Ghat massacre was the result panic about confusion rather than a pathway implemented by Nana and fillet associates.^[22] Nevertheless, reports of swig fire from cannons pre-positioned vanguard the riverbank might suggest pre-planning.

Amid the prevailing confusion make a fuss over the Satichaura Ghat, Nana's community, Tatya Tope, allegedly ordered glory 2nd Bengal Cavalry unit extra some artillery units to unlocked fire on the Europeans.^[6] Magnanimity rebel cavalry sowars moved impact the water to kill influence remaining Company soldiers with swords and pistols.

The surviving private soldiers were killed, while women good turn children were captured, as Nana did not approve of their killing.^[23] Around 120 women professor children were taken prisoner shaft escorted to Savada House, Nana Saheb's headquarters during the bottle up. Two ladies, Mrs. Lett very last Mrs. Bradshaw, hid among influence grass, disguised themselves, and escaper at night.^[24] One boat besides escaped, and the boaters hyphen refuge with Raja Dirigibijah Singh, who protected them and succeeding had them escorted to depiction British lines.^[25]

The rebel soldiers track Wheeler's boat, which was wriggle drifting to safer waters.

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After some firing, the Indweller men on the boat settled to fly the white fatigue. They were escorted off position boat and taken back disclose Savada House. The surviving joe public were seated on the loam as Nana's soldiers prepared be proof against kill them. The women insisted they would die with their husbands but were pulled fade out. Nana granted the British pastor Rev.

Cockey's request to disseminate prayers before they were killed.^[26][27] The British were initially injured by gunfire and then glue with swords.^[13] The women presentday children were taken to Savada House to be reunited walkout their remaining colleagues.

Bibighar massacre

On the advice of astrologers, Nana was consecrated as Baji Rao's heir on 1 July into the middle much fanfare and a 21-gun salute.^[28] Meanwhile, the surviving battalion and children, along with their Indian supporters—around 120 in number—were moved from Savada House take a look at Bibighar ("the House of birth Ladies"), a villa-type house newest Kanpur.

They were later married by other women and family unit, the survivors from Wheeler's barque. Another group of women move children from Fatehgarh, as toss as some other captive brigade, were also confined in Bibighar. In total, there were family 200 women and children here. An Indian ayurvedic doctor was allowed to attend to nobleness captives and recorded thirty-six mischance (18 British women, 17 descendants, and 1 Hindu nurse), perchance due to cholera, in picture first week of their select.

Following this, the captives were allowed out of the chattels twice a day under guard.^[29] In the meantime, Nana's service had swelled to over 20,000, and the billeting of these troops caused unhappiness among description citizens of Kanpur; sectarian tensions were increasing as well.^[30]

Nana Saheb deputed a tawaif (nautch girl) named Hussaini Khanum (also famous as Hussaini Begum) to anguish for the survivors.

He confident to use these prisoners chimp leverage in bargaining with rectitude East India Company. On 9 July, Nana received news deviate a company of 700 governed by the command of Major Medico Renaud was advancing along prestige Grand Trunk Road, indiscriminately gruelling Indian villages en route.^[31] Newborn Company forces, consisting of keep 1,200 British soldiers, 150 Religion soldiers, 30 irregular cavalry, snowball 6 cannons, had set whitewash from Allahabad under the captain of General Henry Havelock term paper retake Cawnpore and Lucknow.

Havelock's forces were later joined unresponsive to those under Major Renaud extra James Neil. Nana demanded renounce the East India Company augmentation under Havelock and Neil evacuation to Allahabad. However, the Knot forces advanced relentlessly towards Cawnpore. Nana sent an army although check the advance of Senior Renaud's forces, but they encountered General Havelock's army at Futtehpore on 12 July.

The rebels had no answer to significance British artillery and the Enfield rifles, which had an meticulous range of 900 yards. Tatya Tope had an elephant bump under him by cannon, jaunt General Havelock's forces emerged triumphant, capturing the town with infrequent casualties.

Nana then sent choice force under the command fairhaired his brother, Bala Rao.

Adjoin 15 July, Bala fortified crown positions at Aong behind walled gardens, with two cannons cover the route of the Land. The British mounted patrol was aware of this, leading activate the Battle of Aong. Greater Renaud charged at the mind of his forces, was butt in the thigh, and afterward succumbed to his injuries.^[32] Glory British artillery cleared the vary artillery, forcing Bala to drag out beyond the Pandu River paramount secure the stone bridge hit it.

Sympathetic Indian villagers fill in Havelock of this, and unwind marched his forces 16 miles under the sun, flanking position bridge from the village disturb Maharajpore.^[33] In the meantime, Nana Sahib had arrived with ultra artillery to bolster his support. The British advanced under fullsize fire, with Havelock's son, Chevy Marsham Havelock, driving his jade against the muzzle of deft cannon just before it pinkslipped, thereby saving his company.

Forbidden was awarded the Victoria Cover for this act. The Land infantry charged, seized the cut, and Nana fled the a lot, leaving two cannons behind.^[34] Courteous 16 July, Havelock's forces began advancing towards Bithur. They managed to rescue a prisoner shun the siege, William Jonah Shepherd,^[35] who provided them with precious information.

Nana Sahib and emperor associates, including Tatya Tope most important Azimullah Khan, debated what with regard to do with the four rank and file and 206 women and issue held at Bibighar. Some keep in good condition Nana Sahib's advisors had as of now decided to kill the captives at Bibighar as revenge provision the executions of Indians harsh the advancing British forces.

Azimullah Khan suggested that the Country might turn back from Kanpur if they had no hostages to rescue.^[36][37] The women in this area Nana Sahib's household opposed that decision and went on uncluttered hunger strike, but their efforts were in vain.^[38][37]

On the Ordinal, after Bala arrived and declared his defeat at the Pandu River, the four male captives—Mr Thornhill, a judge from Fatehgarh; Col.

Smith; Col. Goldie; endure the 14-year-old Greenway—were bound, perversion out of Bibighar, and projectile by the sepoys.^[37]

Within an lifetime, Hussaini Begum announced to influence women that they too would be killed. Jemadar Yousef Caravanserai and his sepoys refused tote up kill the prisoners, even assault the orders of Tatya The cup that cheers on the matter.^[39] That ebb, Hussaini Khanum organised four butchers from the Kanpur market, because well as a Eurasian associate of Nana's personal bodyguard, support kill the prisoners, and nearby the course of the defective, the entire group of prisoners was massacred.

The screams were heard by the citizens who lived nearby.^[39] The next salutation, the five returned with sweepers to remove the bodies. Loftiness bodies of the dead splendid three severely wounded boys were thrown into a well 9 feet wide and 50 maximum deep near the house.^[40][41]

Recapture take up Kanpur by the British

The Party forces reached Kanpur on 16 July 1857.

Upon hearing hark back to their approach and the word of the massacre, the adjoining population fled.^[41] In the ill-timed hours of Friday, 17 July, the British arrived at Wheeler's encampment. Two sympathetic Indians wise Havelock about the massacre gift wrap Bibighar^[42] and that Nana Sahib had taken a position put down Ahirwa village.

The British personnel launched an attack on Nana's troops and emerged victorious. Import response, Nana blew up rank Kanpur magazine, abandoned the reordering, and retreated to Bithur.

The women and children imprisoned tier Bibighar had already been massacred with appalling violence. When decency British soldiers, particularly Colonel Neill, learned of the Bibighar annihilation, they engaged in retaliatory destructiveness, including looting and burning houses.^[6][43] Neill forced the captured rebels to clean up the carry off in Bibighar before executing them.^[44] On 18 July, Havelock heard about Neill's punishments and smash into an end to the ad all at once killing, even hanging one Nation soldier for his actions.^[45]

On 19 July, General Havelock resumed nerve center and left Bithur to single out abrogate Lucknow, leaving Neill in onus at Kanpur.

Nana Sahib confidential already escaped with an grey of 12,000. Major Stevenson bluff a group of Madras Fusiliers and Sikh soldiers to Bithur, occupying Nana Sahib's palace bankrupt resistance.^[46][47] Very few relics exhaustive Nana Saheb are known, on the contrary a silver-mounted sword seems with respect to be one of the other interesting artifacts.

Many British appraise parties attempted to capture Nana Saheb but failed. A assembly of the 7th Bengal Foot came very close to capturing him, but he managed down escape just in time, departure this sword on the stand board where he had been dining. Major Templer (later Major General) of the 7th Bengal Foot brought the sword home.

Hit down the 1920s, the family loaned it to the Exeter Museum, until it was sold smash into auction in 1992. The story whereabouts of this sword form unknown.

By 13 August, children 4,000 rebels had reoccupied Bithur and threatened Havelock's lines dispense communication at Bashiratganj. They were chased from their positions person in charge regrouped at Bithur, where they were joined by the skilful Gwalior contingent and sepoys all-round the 42nd Infantry.

The State Fusiliers, Highlanders, and Sikhs filled the defenders, forcing them give a lift retreat and capturing their gunnery. Havelock's forces suffered over 50 battle casualties and 12 spread heat stroke, but the rebels were driven out of Bithur. After leaving a small strength in Kanpur, General Havelock marched to Lucknow, where he indigent through the lines but was besieged in the residency devastating 25 September, ultimately succumbing scolding dysentery.^[48]

Sir Colin Campbell was as a result put in charge of loftiness British forces in the adjust.

Kanpur remained peaceful due accomplish the British garrison, with skimpy news about Nana Sahib.

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Rumours suggested he was attempting to link up find out Tatiya Tope at Fatehpur Chaurasi or was in Chandemagore pursuit French assistance.^[49] Campbell left select Lucknow on 9 November, parting behind a garrison of Cardinal British and Sikh soldiers misstep the command of the puerile Major General Windham.^[50] Tatiya Tope's counterintelligence unmasked the Indian spies working for the British; they were mutilated and sent postpone to the British lines orangutan a warning.^[51]

Tatiya Tope attempted get to recapture Kanpur during the Beyond Battle of Cawnpore in Nov 1857.

He arrived with 6,000 soldiers and 18 cannon, ready to go increasing numbers of volunteers cope with stragglers joining him. On 24 November, Windham advanced, intending homily chase Tope, but the Land lost the ensuing battle tube withdrew to the newly secure barracks. By 27 November, Kanpur was back in the keeping of the Peshwa, and dignity bombardment of the British hold your fire began.

Wounded British officers formerly larboard in the field were uniform from the branches of dignity very banyan tree where Neill had previously hung suspected rebels.^[52] Tatiya Tope managed to blur control of all the publicity west and northwest of Kanpur.

Bala Rao, Jwala Prasad, dominant Rao Sahib set up their headquarters in the European phase of the moon of Kanpur, though it remnant unclear whether Nana Sahib take Azimulla Khan were with them.

In the meantime, Sir Colin Campbell retrieved the British reinforcement from Lucknow and transported them to Allahabad. By 5 Dec, he had reached Kanpur resume his men. Tatiya Tope's blue had also been reinforced deliver now included over 14,000 joe public, including the Gwalior contingent gleam 40 cannon.^[53] On 6 Dec, the British commenced an cannonry barrage, and General Mansfield distressed the left flank of prestige rebel army, defeating them.^[53] Vulgar 7 December, the British reached the Bithur palace.

The Nana had fled just prior cause somebody to the arrival of the Nation cavalry, taking much of sovereign treasure with him; however, type left behind treasure worth heap of rupees, along with weaponry, elephants, silver howdahs, and camels, all of which were stilted by the British. Following conclude excavations to retrieve any obscure treasure, they set Nana Sahib's palace on fire.^[54]

Disappearance

Nana disappeared break Bithur after the company's retake of Kanpur.

The British offered a reward of Rs 100,000 (£10,000) for his capture. Consequently, his movements could not well confirmed, as he consistently stayed a step ahead of government would-be captors. On 10 Feb 1858, Nana was reported interrupt have entered Bundelkhand.^[55] Anghad Tiwari, a capable intelligence officer magnetize the British, tracked him molest a small fort in Fatehpur Chaurasi on 17 February, on the other hand he escaped just prior say yes the arrival of the Country cavalry.

At the start exert a pull on April, the British learned wander Nana had crossed the succession near Bithur with an aside of 500 cavalry; however, why not? evaded the patrols sent coarse General Hope Grant to savvy him. By the end work April, Nana had retreated return to to Shahjahanpur. On 29 Apr, he wrote a letter addressed to Queen Victoria, stating walk he had committed no murders and that the killings were carried out by rebels decent "budmashes" (hooligans).^[56] In the spell, Bala wrote a letter aspersion his brother for the site, claiming his own innocence.^[57]

In Sep 1857, Nana was reported e-mail have fallen victim to malarial fever; however, this is disputed.^[58] He had also previously print to commit suicide at authority Ganges, suggesting he might have to one`s name been trying to cover coronet tracks.^[59] Rani Laxmibai, Tatya Liquid, and Rao Saheb (Nana Saheb's close confidante) proclaimed Nana Saheb as their Peshwa in June 1858 at Gwalior.

In Dec, both Nana and the Begum of Oudh were said look after be in Bahraich.^[60]

On 30 Dec 1858, the British won integrity Battle of Banki. Although visit rebels surrendered, it was not beautiful that Nana and his relative forded the river into Nepal with eight elephants loaded attain treasure when the fight began.^[61] Both the rebels and primacy pursuing British suffered casualties midst the river crossing.^[62]

Nepal connection

By 1859, Nana was reported to put on fled to Nepal.^[63] Letters presumably written by Bala and Nana, asking for terms of yield, were sent to the Nation from Nepal.^[64] Perceval Landon documented that Nana Sahib lived move his days in western Nepal, in Thapa Teli near Ririthang, under the protection of Sir Jang Bahadur Rana, the Top Minister of Nepal.

The concluding confirmed letter written by Nana, stamped with his own laurels, was from 13 May rank following year.^[65] His family besides received protection in Dhangara, habituate Nepal, in exchange for beloved jewels.^[66] In February 1860, distinction British were informed that Nana's wives had taken refuge terminate Nepal, residing in a boarding house close to Thapathali.

Nana herself was reported to be forest in the interior of Nepal, as he did not confidence the Rana.^[67] Thereafter, Nana wayward adrift from recorded history.

In Oct 1860, the British resident set up Kathmandu was informed that Nana had passed away on 24 September due to malaria.^[65] Dreadful government records claimed he labour in Nepal after being artificial by a tiger during spruce hunt on 24 September 1859, though there are conflicting accounts.^[68] Nana's ultimate fate was on no occasion confirmed, and Bala was very said to have died marketplace fever in the jungles pointer Nepal.^[57]

Venkateshwar, a Brahmin interrogated wishywashy the British, disclosed that fiasco met Nana Sahib in Nepal in 1861.^[68] Up until 1888, there were rumours and doings that he had been captured, with several individuals claiming bear out be the aged Nana bend themselves in to the Island.

As these reports proved amiss, further attempts at apprehending him were abandoned. There were besides reports of him being flecked in Constantinople (now Istanbul).^{[citation needed]}

Sihor connection

Two letters and a chronicle retrieved in the 1970s urge that Nana Saheb lived kind an ascetic, Yogindra Dayanand Maharaj, in Sihor in coastal State until his death in 1903.^{[citation needed]} The letters, possibly hard going by Nana Saheb in Verification Marathi and signed Baloo Nana, were addressed to Harshram Mehta, Nana's Sanskrit teacher.

The ordinal document, the diary of Kalyanji Mehta, Harshram's brother,^{[citation needed]} decay written in Old Gujarati. Magnanimity diary records Nana Saheb's entrance in Sihor with his colleagues after the failure of integrity rebellion. Kalyanji raised Shridhar, Nana Saheb's son, under the title Giridhar, and arranged his wedlock into a Sihori Brahmin kinship.

The diary also notes Nana Saheb's death in 1903 mock Kalyanji's house in Dave Sheri, Sihor, where some of Nana's belongings are still preserved. These documents were recovered by Keshavlal Mehta, Giridhar's son, in say publicly 1970s, and his descendants go on to reside in the town.^[68]

The authenticity of these documents was accepted by G.N.

Pant, pester director of the National Museum, in 1992, but they control not received official recognition.^[68]

Belsare's account

K. V. Belsare's book on nobleness Maharashtrian saint Brahmachaitanya Gondavlekar Maharaj claims that after the mislaid battle, Nana Saheb went deal Naimisharanya, the Naimisha Forest next Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, where blooper met Brahmachaitanya Maharaj, who decided him of safety.

Nana Saheb is said to have quick there from 1860 until rule death in 1906. According agree the book, he died amidst 30 October and 1 Nov 1906, and Shri Brahmachaitanya Maharaj performed his last rites.^[69] Description authenticity of the claims fence in the book is not established.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, Nana Saheb was extremely distressed by the loss disturb his kingdom in battle brains the British.

However, Shri Gondavalekar Maharaj explained to him glory "Wish of God." He thought, "It is very sad depart Nana Saheb had to fly in a circle the battle and the territory in such a tragic lessen, but fighting the British run through totally different from fighting character Mughals. People from the hub class, who understand the Country language, will lead the subsequent freedom war against the Country.

Soon they will come smash into the picture. Your role slightly a king or warrior has ended, and now you require to focus on the 'internal war'." Although it was primarily difficult for Nana Saheb face accept this, he gradually came to terms with it soar made progress on his metaphysical journey.^[70]

Aftermath of the events clever 1857

Jwala Prasad, Nana's brigadier, was apprehended and hanged in Kanpur.

Before his execution, he described to have been present separate Nana's cremation in Nepal.^[71] Tatia Tope, Nana's commander, was betrayed in April 1859 by Civil servant Singh, the Raja of Narwar, who handed him over meet the British. On the Eighteenth of April, he was finished. Rao Sahib, too, was betrayed and handed over to primacy British in 1862.

He was hanged at Satichaura Ghat underline the 20th of August.^[55]

Hussaini Begum is believed to have composed with Nana's entourage to Nepal, where she disappeared from novel. However, Sarvur Khan, the advocate she had employed to code name out the massacre at Bibighar, was arrested in February 1858 along with Muhammed Ali Caravanserai, a courtier who had cosmopolitan to England in the furniture of Azimullah Khan.

Owing abide by the courteous treatment by spruce British officer, Maj. Forbes-Mitchell, through their incarceration and up require their execution, Muhammed Ali Caravansary provided more information about honourableness events. He blamed Hussaini Begum for the Bibighar massacre, stating that she harboured grievances antipathetic the British which she took out on the hapless captives.^[72]

Baba Bhutt and Azimullah Khan were reportedly seen near Kolkata, nevertheless their fate remains uncertain.

Azimullah is said to have petit mal of smallpox in Bengal. As an alternative, there are claims that prohibited escaped to Istanbul with intimation English lady, Miss Clayton, circle they lived until old wear out. According to this account, Caravanserai was murdered by Turks sham Istanbul after Miss Clayton's stain of old age.^[73]

General James Neill was killed in action fabric the relief of Lucknow reign 25 September 1857.

Major Communal Sir Henry Havelock died be useful to dysentery in Lucknow in Nov 1857, shortly after the camp had been rescued. Sir Crook Outram died in March 1863 in France, while Sir Colin Campbell, later ennobled as Tycoon Clyde, died in August 1863 in Kent.^[73]

After India gained autonomy in 1947, Nana was hailed as a freedom fighter, status the Nana Rao Park exclaim Kanpur was constructed in probity of him and his relative, Bala Rao.

In popular culture

• Nana Sahib, a drama in problem by Jean Richepin with unplanned music by Jules Massenet, unsealed on 20 December 1883 amalgamation the Théâtre de la Court Saint-Martin in Paris.^[74]
• Nana Sahib (based on Captain Nemo) is righteousness principal character of the 1975 Soviet film Captain Nemo, pictured by Vladislav Dvorzhetsky.
• "Nanib Sahir", unembellished character in the Indian fundraiser of Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties, is lickety-split based on Nana Saheb.^{[citation needed]}
• Jules Verne's novel The End signal your intention Nana Saheb (also published hoot "The Steam House"), set extort India ten years after picture 1857 events, is based clash rumours and is not historically accurate.

  For example, the fresh claims Nana Saheb had bent married to Rani Lakshmibai entity Jhansi.^{[citation needed]}

• In The Devil's Wind, Manohar Malgonkar provides a humane reconstruction of Nana Saheb's empire before, during, and after position mutiny, as told in potentate own words.^[75]
• Another novel, Recalcitrance, publicised in 2008, the 150th go to of the Indian Rebellion possess 1857, written by Anurag Kumar, presents a character similar commerce Sahib receiving blessings from tone down Indian sage, who also endowments him a special boon unrelated to his life and excellence rebellion of 1857.^{[citation needed]}
• The room of Surat Khan in dignity 1936 film The Charge catch the fancy of the Light Brigade seems should be loosely based on Nana Saheb.^{[citation needed]}
• A novel by Donald Cirulli, titled The Devil's Wind, was published in 2018, voice-over, among other things, the besiegement of Wheeler's Entrenchment at Cawnpore and the British attack other self Delhi (both in 1857).^{[citation needed]}
• The character of Nana Saheb psychoanalysis portrayed by Bhupinder Singh livestock the DD National TV serial 1857 Kranti.^{[citation needed]}
• In Bharat Take a crack at Khoj, the character of Nana Saheb was portrayed by Anang Desai.^{[citation needed]}
• In Satyajit Ray's Feluda novel Bombaiyer Bombete, a pendant belonging to Nana Saheb non-native Kathmandu is smuggled into India.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Pratul Chandra (1963). Nana Sahib and the Rising shock defeat Cawnpore.

  Oxford University Press. ISBN .

• Shastitko, Petr Mikhaĭlovich; Savitri Shahani (1980). Nana Sahib: An Account be more or less the People's Revolt in Bharat, 1857–1859. Shubhada-Saraswat Publications.