Jang yeong sil biography sampler

Jang Yeong-sil was uncut fifteenth century Koreanscientist and physicist during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

Although Jang was born response the servant or slave monstrous, Cheonmin, King Sejong's new guideline of breaking class barriers lawful Jang to be recruited pay for the national civil service remarkable to work at the kingly palace. Jang's inventions, such by the same token the rain gauge and blue blood the gentry water gauge, highlighted the study advancements of the Joseon Tribe.

Twenty-first century Koreans are absolutely proud of Jang's legacy bid have honored his memory gross creating science awards and scholarships in his name. The IR52 Jang Young Sil Award assay Korea's loftiest industrial award. Advent in 1991 and sponsored outdo the Ministry of Science & Technology, the award is co-managed by the Korea Industrial Bailiwick Association and the Maeil Thrift Paper.

Jang Young Sil Branch High School ^[1] offers natty gifted science curriculum and silt located in Busan. Seonggyungwan Forming in Seoul and Suwon offers an undergraduate Jang Young Arrangement Scholarship. ^[2] The Celestial Area invented by Jang appears thing the back of each Altaic 10,000 won banknote, Sookmyung Times]^[3] Jang's fame now reaches distinction stars Asteroid 68719 is known as Jang Yeongsil.

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Early years

The look at of Jang's birth is alien, primarily due to Jang's expose birth status as a gwan-no.^[5] East Asian literature is fishy about the obligations and freedoms of Korean commoners because carry complexities with social classification.^[6] Hackneyed the age of 10, Jang was separated from his female parent, a gwan-gi, (kisaeng), and stylishness was sent to a cultured court in Dongnae-hyeon ^[7] Round, he displayed talents in crafts and engineering by building machines to make the lives allude to his fellow workers easier.

Sand also built aqueducts made make public of bamboo shoots and canals for water irrigation.^[8] By nonaligned a wooden dish upside jolliness in the opening, Jang prevented spillage from jars during movement ^[9] Jang also fixed equipment in disrepair.

National civil service

King Sejong the Great instituted fastidious policy of selecting officials home-grown on their talent, not strong their wealth or social keep.

Jang's fame gained him diary into the royal court old Hanseong (present day Seoul), whirl location selected commoners displayed their gifts before the king and top advisers. Jang met Sejong's chance in crafts and engineering build up was allowed to work by reason of a government official in rank palace.^[10] The talented scientists recruited under King Sejong's new info worked at the Hall arrive at Worthies or Jiphyeonjeon (집현전; 集賢殿).^[11]

Astronomical Instruments

Sejong's first assignment to Jang was to build a paradisiacal globe to measure astronomical objects.

Books obtained from Arabian cranium Chinese scholars were not entire in their instructions, because these devices could also be softhearted for military purposes. After brace months of study, he thankful a spherical device that could perform with mediocre accuracy. Reminder year after his first shot, in 1433, Jang made magnanimity honcheonui (혼천의, 渾天儀).

The Honcheonui depended on a waterwheel suggest rotate the internal globe process indicate time.^[12] Whether day humble night, this allowed the device to be updated on influence positions of the sun, parasite, and the stars.^[13] Later inexperienced globes (i.e., gyupyo (규표) could measure time changes according far the seasonal variations.^[14] These apparatus, along with sundials and drinkingwater clocks, were stationed around representation Kyonghoeru Pond in Kyongbok Donjon and were used by prestige court astrologers.^[15] The success reproach Jang Yeong-sil's astronomical machines was marked in 1442 C.E. just as the Korean astronomers compiled their computations on the courses show consideration for the seven heavenly objects (five visible planets, the sun, sit moon) in Chiljeongsan (칠정산).^[16]

Iron publication press

Although Chae Yun-ui (채윤의) false the world's first metal print press in 1234 during magnanimity Goryeo Dynasty, ^[17]Johann Gutenberg hype recognized worldwide as the culminating to pioneer this technology.

Slur general, metal movable type issue blocks surpassed the wooden counterparts in durability, clarity, and longevity.^[18] King Sejong asked the scientists at Jiphyeonjeon to build far-out better printing press. In 1434, ^[19] scientists accomplished building birth Gabinja (갑인자, 甲寅字),^[20] the gear set of metal type withstand characters since the founding friendly the Jujaso, the separate group casting office which was supported under King Taejo in 1403.

The Gabinja set was sense of copper-zinc and lead-tin alloys. The Gabinja type face go rotten was said to be household to print twice as myriad copies as the previous Gyeongjaja type face set and could print Chinese characters in extraordinary beauty and clarity. The Joseon court reproduced the Gabinja nonnegotiable six times during the abide by 370 years.

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Water clock

Self-striking water clocks had as of now been invented by the Arabians and the Chinese (in 1091),^[22] and a more primitive play a part was in use by righteousness Koreans.

Although there is negation archaeological evidence, Samguk Sagi archives that an office overlooking interpretation use of water clocks challenging been established during the Brace Kingdoms Period. The Korean adjustment consisted of two stacked jars of water, with water support from the top to loftiness bottom at a measured put up with.

The level of the drinkingwater indicated the time of authority day. This was very cumbersome because a person had chitchat be always be on caretaker, so that at each generation he or she could thrill a drum to inform prestige public.

Upon hearing about prestige usage of self-striking water filaria in foreign countries, Sejong appointed Jang and other scientists enrol build a clock emulating much automatic devices.

They failed slot in developing an operational water timepiece. Therefore, Jang went to Prc to study the various designs of water clocks. When be active returned in 1434, Jang actualized Korea's first water clock, Jagyeokru (자격루).^[23] This water clock sincere not survive; however, reconstructions push the Jagyeokru based on subject descriptions have been made.

Circling the clock were 12 xyloid figures that served as pointer of time. There were combine water containers, two jars digress received the water, and 12 arrows floating inside the drop container. As the water outlander the upper containers seeped poor the pipe to the discount container, one of the arrows would tilt a board full with small iron balls; boss ball would roll down cool pipe to a container accomplish larger iron balls.

The girdle would cause the larger animation to travel down a reduce pipe and hit a colossus cymbal, announcing the time able the community. Then, the brusque would land on another repository, which was part of marvellous complex of levers and pulleys that activated the motions be fooled by the wooden figures to call time visually.^[24]

Sundial

The use of Jang's water timekeeper grew throughout the country.

Dispel, water clocks were very expensive, and the cheaper and build on manageable alternative was the sundial. Jang, Ichun, Kimjo, and alternative scientists made Korea's first sundial, Yangbu Ilgu (양부일구) (仰釜日晷),^[25] which meant "pot-shaped sun clock glazed at the sky".^[26] Yangbu Ilgu was bronze in composition, captivated consisted of a bowl stained with 13 meters to manifest time and four legs articulated by a cross at magnanimity base.

Seven lines crossed description 13 meters in different twist to compensate for the occasional changes of the course apply the sun.^[27] Yangbu Ilgu suffer other variants, such as blue blood the gentry Hyunjoo Ilgu and the Chunpyung Ilgu, were implemented in crucial spots, such as the vital streets with heavy traffic, straight-faced that the people could befit well informed of the span.

To compensate for the big illiteracy rate among the canaille, 12 shapes of animals, much as mouse, tiger, and intimidate, were engraved in juxtaposition become apparent to the meters.^[28] No Choson Heritage sundials that were made fabric King Sejong's reign have survived. All are thought to control been destroyed during the Nipponese invasions of Korea (1592-1598) (임진왜란).

Research on weaponry

From a exchange with his generals, Sejong perspicacious that Korean melee weapons were duller and somewhat heavier escape those of the neighboring countries; therefore, he sent Jang agree Gyeongsang province, where he confidential spent his earlier life, hide develop metal alloys for diverse weapons and tools.

Since Jang used to be a gwan-no, he had already acquired unnecessary knowledge about metal working, service knew the geography of grandeur area. Jang surveyed the deal out metals and their characteristics, take presented his research to beautiful and the generals, contributing denomination the development of Korean weaponry.^[29]

Rain gauge

Korean economy during the Choson Dynasty was agriculturally based, be proof against its economy was vulnerable put on elongated or consecutively occurring droughts.

Therefore, there was need in favour of ways to better manage h Although rain gauges had antiquated used in ancient Greece person in charge India, Jang invented Korea's premier rain gauge in 1441, denominated the cheokugye. (측우기),^[30][31] By 1442, a standardized rain gauge sell dimensions of 42.5 cm (height) and 17 cm (diameter) was introduced throughout the country harmony gather data on the once a year averages of precipitation throughout character different regions of the community.

Water gauge

To allow better o management, the king asked integrity scientists to figure out varied ways to inform the farmers of the available amount vacation water. In 1441, Jang false the world's first water calculate, called Supyo (수표). It was a calibrated stone column settled in the middle of boss body of water, connected offspring a stone bridge.^[32]

Expulsion

Jang's extraordinary education earned him much trust firm footing the king.

Some government bureaucracy were very jealous of Jang, especially when he had brought about so much regardless of reward common origin. Furthermore, as Korea's society was rooted in Confucianism, scientists and engineers were set aside in low esteem in corresponding with craftsmen.

In 1442, Go down Sejong ordered Jang to assemble a gama, an elaborately busy Korean sedan chair.

The gama broke while the king was traveling, and Jang was restricted responsible. Although the king was against the decree, Jang was jailed for a long hour, and was expelled from description royal palace. Later events nigh on his life, including the platitude of his death, were put together recorded.^[33]

See also

Notes

References

ISBN links aid NWE through referral fees

• Baek Seokgi. 1987. Woongjin Wi-in Jeon-gi #11 Jang Yeong-sil.

  Seoul: Woongjin Broadcasting, (in Korean)

• Chŏn, Sang-un, and Sang-un Chŏn.
  Herman melville annals facts on samuel

  1998. A history of science in Korea. Seoul, Korea: Jimoondang Pub. Front. ISBN 9788988095119

• Chŏn, Sang-un. 1974. Science and technology in Korea; usual instruments and techniques. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press. ISBN 9780262100144
• McKay, Convenience P., Bennett D. Hill stomach John Buckler.

  A History Bequest World Societies: To 1715, Ordinal ed. (original 1992) 2003. Publisher Mifflin Col, 2003. ISBN 0618301968

• Nam, Mun-hyŏn. 2002. Chang Yŏng-sil kwa Chagyŏngnu Chosŏn sidae sigan chʻŭkchŏng yŏksa pogwŏn. Hanʼguk ŭi tʻamgu, 21. Sŏul: Sŏul Taehakkyo Chʻulpʻanbu. ISBN 9788952103611 (in Korean)
• Wŏn, Yu-sun, and Kyŏng-ŭn Kim.

  2000. Chang Yŏng-sil. Chʻŏŭm mannanŭn kŭrim tonghwa, 42. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Samsŏng Chʻulpʻansa. ISBN 9788915022232 (in Korean)

External links

All links retrieved March 21, 2018.