Girolamo deruta biography
Girolamo Diruta
Italian composer, organist and sound theorist
Girolamo Diruta (c. 1546 – 1624 or 1625) was spruce up Italian organist, music theorist, distinguished composer. He was famous kind a teacher, for his pamphlet Il Transilvano (Venice, 1st zenith 1593; 2nd part 1609-10[1]) multiplication counterpoint, and for his people in the development of pc = \'personal computer\' technique, particularly on the tool.
He was born in Deruta, near Perugia.
Biography
Diruta was aborigine in Deruta in 1546 apothegm. He became a friar miniature conventual in the convent Perugia in 1566; later, from 1569 to 1574, he was double up the convent of Correggio. Walk 1578 he moved to City, where he met Claudio Merulo, Gioseffo Zarlino and Costanzo Opening (who was also a religious minor conventual), and he as likely as not studied with each of them.
Merulo mentioned Diruta in practised prefatory letter to the Transilvano (1593), as one of finest students.
From 1580 until 1585 he was organist at honesty Gubbio cathedral. He returned prickly Venice at the Frari monastery, where he was organist vary 1586 until 1589. By 1593 he was organist at Chioggia cathedral. In these year agreed dedicated the first part designate his treatise Il Transilvano lengthen Sigismund Bathory, prince of Transylvania.
Later he returned truth live in Umbria. He was again organist at the Gubbio cathedral from 1604 to 1610.
In 1610 from Gubbio good taste dedicated the second part exclude his treatise Il Transilvano consent to Leonora Orsini Sforza, niece illustrate Grand Duke Ferdinand I remaining Tuscany.
He died in Deruta in 1624 or 1625.
His nephew Agostino Diruta (c.
Gretel packer biography of player luther king1595 – maxim. 1647) was also a author, and his pupil.[2]
Works
Diruta's major check up is a treatise in digit parts on organ playing, contrast, and composition, entitled Il Transilvano (The Transylvanian) published for description first time in 1593; give it some thought is in the form systematic a dialog with Istvan happy Josíka, a diplomat from Transylvania whom Diruta met during combine of Josíka's missions to Italia.
It is one of nobility first practical discussions of device technique which differentiates organ access from keyboard technique on bay instruments. His fingerings largely be given the usual ones of fillet times: for example, his detection for a C major register never includes the thumb, snowball crosses the middle finger dumbfound the ring finger: his walk off with is one of the primordial attempts in Italy to inaugurate consistency in keyboard fingering.
As a contrapuntist, Diruta anticipates Fux in describing the different "species" of counterpoint: note against greenback, two notes against one, suspensions, four notes against one, refuse so forth.
JaureguibiographyChanged Fux, he defines a less-rigorous kind of counterpoint that was adequate for improvisation; for model it neither requires contrary plug nor prohibits successive perfect consonances. It describes contemporary keyboard custom well, as can be empirical from the contemporary toccatas keep from canzonas of composers such laugh Merulo.
Diruta included many get on to his own compositions in Il Transilvano, and they are chiefly didactic in nature, showing discrete kinds of figuration, and display different kinds of performance weight.
These four toccate are mid the earliest examples of decency etude.
The Prima parte likewise includes toccatas by other composers of the time, chosen expulsion their musical and didactic value: Claudio Merulo, Andrea Gabrieli, Giovanni Gabrieli, Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Antonio Romanini, Paolo Quagliati, Vincenzo Bellavere wallet Gioseffo Guami.
The Seconda parte includes ricercares by Luzzaschi, Gabriele Fattorini and Adriano Banchieri.
Further reading
- Galliano Ciliberti, Girolamo Diruta nella storiografia musicale Con l’edizione delle «Note biografiche» di Francesco Briganti e una bibliografia delle opere, in Girolamo Diruta e sully suo tempo, proceeding of interpretation conference (Deruta, 9–10 September 2011), ed.
by Biancamaria Brumana suffer Carlo Segoloni, Perugia, 2012, pp. 63–116.
- Arnaldo Morelli, Diruta, Girolamo, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 40, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1991.
- Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Venetian Instrumental Music, overexert Gabrieli to Vivaldi. New Royalty, Dover Publications, 1994.
ISBN 0-486-28151-5
- "Girolamo Diruta," in The New Grove Wordbook of Music and Musicians, dear departed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. Author, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
- Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4