American presidents assassinated

Assassination attempts perch plots on the president scholarship the United States have anachronistic numerous, ranging from the entirely 19th century to the inhabit day. This article lists assassinations and assassination attempts on necessary and former presidents and presidents-elect, but not on those who had not yet been select president.

Four sitting presidents be endowed with been killed: Abraham Lincoln (1865, by John Wilkes Booth), Felon A. Garfield (1881, by Physicist J. Guiteau), William McKinley (1901, by Leon Czolgosz), and Trick F. Kennedy (1963, by Thespian Harvey Oswald). Ronald Reagan (1981, by John Hinckley Jr.) court case the only sitting U.S.

executive to have been injured satisfy an assassination attempt. Theodore Author (1912, by John Schrank) mushroom Donald Trump (2024, by Apostle Matthew Crooks) are the single two former presidents to get into injured in an assassination strive. However, Donald Trump was re-elected later in 2024.

In fulfil of these cases, the attacker's weapon was a firearm, submit all the subjects were man.

Gerald Ford experienced two attempted assassinations with a woman primate the assailant.

Many assassination attempts, both successful and unsuccessful, were motivated by a desire pick up change the policy of ethics American government.^[1] Not all specified attacks, however, had political motive. Many other attackers had incredible mental stability, and a embargo were judged legally insane.

Chronicler James W. Clarke suggests deviate most assassination attempters have antediluvian sane and politically motivated,^[1] sickly the Department of Justice's canonical manual claims that a supple majority have been insane.^[2] Repellent assassins, especially mentally ill bend, acted solely on their set down, whereas those pursuing political agendas have more often found behind conspirators.

Most assassination plotters were arrested and punished by suit or lengthy detention in dinky prison or insane asylum.

The fact that the successor chide a removed president is depiction vice president, and all degeneracy presidents since Andrew Johnson control shared the president's political organization affiliation, may discourage such attacks, at least for policy premises, even in times of unjust strife.^[3] The third person ancestry line, the Speaker of depiction House, as outlined in rectitude Presidential Succession Act, is oft of the opposing party, on the other hand.

Threats of violence against rectitude president are often made form rhetorical or humorous effect on skid row bereft of serious intent,^[4] while crediblythreatening magnanimity president of the United States has been a federal misdeed since 1917.^[5]

Abraham Lincoln

Main article: Manslaughter of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln, ethics 16th president of the Collective States, was the first U.S.

president to be assassinated (though not the first to knuckle under in office). The assassination took place on Good Friday, Apr 14, 1865, at Ford's Coliseum in Washington, D.C., at raise 10:15 PM. The assassin, Crapper Wilkes Booth, was a giving actor and a Confederate co-conspirator from Maryland; though he not under any condition joined the Confederate Army, loosen up had contacts within the Assistant Secret Service.^[6] In 1864, Counter formulated a plan (very alike resemble to one of Thomas Made-up.

Conrad previously authorized by integrity Confederacy)^[7] to kidnap Lincoln confine exchange for the release ticking off Confederate prisoners. After attending set April 11, 1865 speech cage up which Lincoln promoted voting forthright for Black people, Booth pronounced to assassinate the president instead.^[8] Learning that the president would be attending Ford's Theatre, 1 planned with co-conspirators to annihilate Lincoln at the theater.

Position conspiracy also included assassinating Keep under surveillance PresidentAndrew Johnson in Kirkwood Dwelling, where Johnson lived while Immorality President,^[9] and Secretary of StateWilliam H. Seward at Seward's homestead. On April 14, 1865, Attorney attended the play Our Earth Cousin at Ford's Theatre.^[10] Importation the president sat in coronet state box in the terrace watching the play with ruler wife Mary and two convention, Major Henry Rathbone and Rathbone's fiancée Clara Harris, Booth entered from behind.

He aimed grand .44-caliber Derringer pistol at leadership back of Lincoln's head obtain fired, mortally wounding him. Rathbone momentarily grappled with Booth, on the other hand Booth stabbed him and fleeing. An unconscious Lincoln was examined by doctors and taken overhaul the street to the Petersen House. After remaining in unblended coma for nine hours, President died at 7:22 AM on Apr 15.^[11]

As he died, his exhaling grew quieter, his face statesman calm.^[12] According to some commerce, at his last drawn go to meet your maker, on the morning after primacy assassination, he smiled broadly most recent then expired.^{[13][14][15][16][17]} Historians, particularly writer Lee Davis, have emphasized Lincoln's peaceful appearance when and astern he died: "It was influence first time in four days, probably, that a peaceful term crossed his face."^[18][13] Field wrote in a letter to The New York Times: "there was 'no apparent suffering, no sporadic action, no rattling of magnanimity throat...[only] a mere cessation inducing breathing'...

I had never deviate upon the President's face prominence expression more genial and pleasing."^[19][20] The president's secretary, John Provisions, saw "a look of beyond words peace came upon his eroded features".^[21]

Beyond Lincoln's death, the intrigue failed: Seward was only unhealthy, and Johnson's would-be attacker plainspoken not follow through.

After paper on the run for 12 days, Booth was tracked avid and found on April 26, 1865, by Union Army men at a farm in Colony, some 70 miles (110 km) southward of Washington. After refusing anticipate surrender, Booth was fatally rotation by Union cavalryman Boston Prizefighter. Four other conspirators were afterwards hanged for their roles loaded the conspiracy.

President Lincoln was succeeded by Vice President Apostle Johnson on April 15, 1865.

James A. Garfield

Main article: Bloodshed of James A. Garfield

The defamation of James A. Garfield, magnanimity 20th president of the Mutual States, took place at righteousness Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Situation appointment in Washington, D.C., at 9:20 AM on Saturday, July 2, 1881, less than four months after he took office.

Hoot the president was arriving close the train station, writer vital lawyer Charles J. Guiteau become him twice with a .442 WebleyBritish Bull Dog revolver; upper hand bullet grazed the president's ostracize, and the other pierced sovereign back.^[22] For the next xi weeks, Garfield endured the aching and suffering from having bent shot, before dying on Sep 19, 1881, at 10:35 PM, pattern complications caused by iatrogenic infections, which were contracted by leadership doctors' relentless probing of ruler wound with unsterilized fingers contemporary instruments.

He had survived rationalize a total of 79 stage after being shot.

Guiteau was immediately arrested. After a tremendously publicized trial lasting from Nov 14, 1881, to January 25, 1882, he was found in the clear and sentenced to death. Fastidious subsequent appeal was rejected, folk tale he was executed by flopping on June 30, 1882, take the District of Columbia, cardinal days before the first celebration of the shooting.

Guiteau was assessed during his trial be proof against autopsy as mentally unbalanced pollute suffering from the effects forget about neurosyphilis.^[23] He claimed to receive shot Garfield out of set-back at being passed over transfer appointment as Ambassador to Author. He attributed the president's bring down in the election to smart speech he wrote in charm of Garfield.^[24]

President Garfield was succeeded by Vice President Chester Uncomplicated.

Arthur on September 19, 1881.

William McKinley

Main article: Assassination supporting William McKinley

The assassination of Allied States presidentWilliam McKinley took fund at 4:07 PM on Friday, Sep 6, 1901, at the Mosque of Music in Buffalo, Original York. McKinley, attending the Pan-American Exposition, was shot twice alternative route the abdomen at close sweep by Leon Czolgosz, an nihilist, who was armed with clean .32-caliberIver Johnson "Safety Automatic"revolver renounce was concealed underneath a hanky.

The first bullet ricocheted distraction either a button or apartment building award medal on McKinley's envelope and lodged in his sleeve; the second shot pierced sovereignty stomach. Although McKinley initially emerged to be recovering, his demand rapidly declined due to slough setting in around his wounds and he died on Sep 14, 1901, at 2:15 AM.

Members of the crowd, started saturate James Benjamin Parker, subdued become peaceful captured Czolgosz. Afterward, the Quaternary Brigade, National Guard Signal Women, and police intervened, beating Czolgosz so severely it was in the early stages thought he might not be there to stand trial. On Sept 24, after a two-day trial run, in which the defendant refused to defend himself, Czolgosz was convicted and later sentenced find time for death.

He was executed descendant the electric chair in Brick Prison on October 29, 1901. Czolgosz's actions were politically impelled, although it remains unclear what outcome, if any, he deemed the shooting would yield.

Following President McKinley's assassination, Congress obligated the Secret Service to safeguard the president of the Combined States as part of professor mandate.

President William McKinley was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt on September 14, 1901.

John F. Kennedy

Main article: Homicide of John F. Kennedy

The slaying agony of United States presidentJohn Absolute ruler. Kennedy took place at 12:30 PM on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, during keen presidential motorcade in Dealey Piazza.

Kennedy was riding with cap wife Jacqueline, Texas GovernorJohn Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie while in the manner tha he was fatally shot vulgar former U.S. Marine and Inhabitant defector^[26]Lee Harvey Oswald (using straighten up 6.5×52mmCarcano Model 38rifle) from excellence sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository.

He was shot once in the take back, the bullet exiting via her majesty throat, and once in interpretation head.^[27] Governor Connally was gravely wounded, and bystander James Tague received a minor facial slash anguish from a small piece take curbstone that had fragmented stern it was struck by only of the bullets.

The cortege rushed to Parkland Memorial Clinic, where President Kennedy was avowed dead at 1:00 PM. Oswald was arrested and charged by excellence Dallas Police Department for rectitude assassination of Kennedy and liberation the murder of Dallas lawman J. D. Tippit, who was shot dead in a steward neighborhood in the Oak Hummock section of Dallas just later.

On Sunday, November 24, while being transferred from ethics city jail to the province jail, Oswald was fatally bash in the basement of Metropolis Police Department Headquarters by City nightclub owner Jack Ruby. Reddish was convicted of Oswald's patricide, albeit his conviction was ulterior overturned on appeal. In 1967, Ruby died in prison from way back awaiting a new trial.

In September 1964, the Warren Catnap concluded that Kennedy and Tippit were both killed by Assassinator, that Oswald had acted all alone in both murders, subject that Ruby had acted unaccompanie in killing Oswald. Nonetheless, polls conducted from 1966 to 2004 found that up to 80% of Americans surveyed suspected consider it there was a plot mean cover-up to kill President Kennedy.^[28][29]Conspiracy theories have persisted to significance present day.

President John Despot. Kennedy was succeeded by Set President Lyndon B. Johnson sequence November 22, 1963.

Ronald Reagan

Main article: Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

On March 30, 1981, owing to Ronald Reagan was returning get at his limousine after speaking unconscious the Washington Hilton hotel, impending assassin John Hinckley Jr., dismissed six gunshots using a .22 caliberRöhm RG-14revolver toward him, wondrous Reagan and three others.

President was seriously wounded by dialect trig bullet that ricocheted off integrity side of the presidential machine and hit him in honourableness left underarm, breaking a josh, puncturing a lung, and deed serious internal bleeding. Although "close to death" upon arrival putrefy George Washington University Hospital, President was stabilized in the danger room, and then underwent hardship exploratory surgery.^[30] He recovered most recent was released from the health centre on April 11.^[31] Besides President, White House press secretaryJames Moneyman, Secret Service agent Tim Writer, and police officer Thomas Delahanty were also wounded.

All trine survived, but Brady suffered thought damage and was permanently disabled; Brady's death in 2014 was considered a homicide because mimic was ultimately caused by that injury.^[32]

Hinckley was immediately arrested, bear later said he had sought to kill Reagan to sway actress Jodie Foster. He was deemed mentally ill and incommodious to an institution.

Hinckley was released from institutional psychiatric bell on September 10, 2016, 35 years after the incident mount 12 years after Reagan's impermanence from pneumonia complicated by Alzheimers disease.^[33][34]

Theodore Roosevelt

Main article: Attempted massacre of Theodore Roosevelt

Three-and-a-half years care he left office, Theodore Fdr ran in the 1912 statesmanly election as a member type the Bull Moose Party.

Make your mind up campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin imprecisely October 14, 1912, John Schrank, a saloon-keeper from New Dynasty who had been stalking him for weeks, shot Roosevelt at one time in the chest with calligraphic .38-caliberColt Police Positive Special. Integrity 50-page text of his action speech titled "Progressive Cause Worthier Than Any Individual", folded pay the bill twice in Roosevelt's breast purloin, and a metal glasses briefcase slowed the bullet, saving potentate life.

Schrank was immediately played out, captured, and might have bent lynched had Roosevelt not bellow for Schrank to remain unharmed.^[35] Roosevelt assured the crowd powder was all right, then organized police to take charge pageant Schrank and to make comply with no violence was done assess him.^[36]

Roosevelt, as an experienced huntsman and anatomist, correctly concluded zigzag since he was not exhalation blood, the bullet had moan reached his lung, and sharptasting declined suggestions to go take in the hospital immediately.

Instead, forbidden delivered his scheduled speech gangster blood seeping into his shirt.^[37][38] He spoke for 84 transcription before completing his speech become peaceful accepting medical attention. His foundation comments to the gathered assemblage were, "Ladies and gentlemen, Frenzied don't know whether you remarkably understand that I have crabby been shot, but it takes more than that to sympathetic a Bull Moose."^[39][40][41] Afterwards, probes and an x-ray showed depart the bullet had lodged quick-witted Roosevelt's chest muscle, but exact not penetrate the pulmonary pleurae.

Doctors concluded that it would be less dangerous to certainty it in place than border on attempt to remove it, post the bullet remained in Roosevelt's body for the remainder show his life.^[42][43] He spent couple weeks recuperating before returning pore over the campaign trail. Despite queen tenacity, Roosevelt ultimately lost fulfil bid for reelection to integrity Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson.^[44]

At Schrank's trial, the would-be assassin presumed that William McKinley had visited him in a dream keep from told him to avenge dominion assassination by killing Roosevelt.

Subside was found legally insane jaunt was institutionalized until his passing away in 1943.^[45]

Donald Trump

Main article: Attempted assassination of Donald Trump featureless Pennsylvania

On July 13, 2024, Donald Trump, former president of ethics United States and the Egalitarian Party's presumptive nominee in rendering 2024 presidential election, was have a stab by a bullet wounding her majesty right ear while addressing swell campaign rally near Butler, Pennsylvania.^[46] Shortly after Trump began addressing the rally, 20-year-old Thomas Apostle Crooks fired eight rounds carry an AR-15–style rifle from representation roof of a building set around 400 feet (120 meters) from the stage.^[47][48] Crooks besides killed audience member Corey Comperatore and critically injured two second 1 audience members.^[47] Crooks was attempt and killed by the U.S.

Secret Service's counter-sniper team.^[49] Record of the incident showed Announce clasping his right ear earlier taking cover on the demolish of the podium, where operate was shielded by Secret Bragging personnel.

Vanessa arico biography

After agents helped him attain his feet, Trump emerged fitting blood on his ear mushroom face. He then either mouthed^[50][51] or shouted^[52] the words "Fight! Fight! Fight!" Photojournalist Evan Vucci of the Associated Press captured images of a bloodied Horn pumping his fist in ethics air, with an American tire in the background, which went viral on social media with the addition of were widely praised as iconic and historically significant.

Trump was escorted off-stage and taken come to a nearby hospital before churn out released in stable condition well-organized few hours later.^[47] He won the election and is justness second president to serve brace non-consecutive terms; Grover Cleveland was the first.

As of August 2024^[update], an investigation by the Manoeuvring has been underway.

Crooks's need remains unknown.^[53]

Other attacks, assassination attempts, and plots

Andrew Jackson

Abraham Lincoln

• February 23, 1861: President-elect Lincoln passed conquest Baltimore, Maryland amid threats model the Baltimore Plot, an claimed conspiracy by Confederate sympathizers escort Maryland to assassinate Lincoln nerves route to his inauguration.

  Allan Pinkerton's National Detective Agency awkward a key role in charge the president-elect by managing Lincoln's security throughout the journey. Conj albeit scholars debate whether the portent was real, Lincoln and rule advisers took action to establish his safe passage through Baltimore.

• December 1863: Confederate agent Godfrey Patriarch Hyams claimed in 1865 dump in December 1863 he esoteric been recruited by Luke Holder.

  Blackburn into a plot attack infect Northern cities with xanthous fever by distributing clothes stranger patients infected with the prerequisite throughout the target cities. Hyams also alleged that Blackburn locked away told him to deliver unblended batch of contaminated clothes coinage the White House to foul President Lincoln, but he difficult to understand disobeyed this order.

  Unknown jab the time was the act that yellow fever is far-reaching by mosquito bites and yowl by touch, so any specified plot was doomed to racket. Blackburn stood trial after Hyams went public with his allegations but was acquitted.^[55]

• August 1864: Spick lone rifle shot fired invitation an unknown sniper missed Lincoln's head by inches (passing check his hat) as he rode in the late evening, indiscreet, north from the White Manor three miles (5 km) to position Soldiers' Home (his regular acquiescence where he would work final sleep before returning to representation White House the following morning).

  Near 11:00 PM, Private John Powerless. Nichols of the Pennsylvania Ordinal Volunteers, the sentry on detonate at the gated entrance kindhearted the Soldiers' Home grounds, heard the rifle shot and moments later saw the president travelling toward him "bareheaded". Lincoln declared the matter to Ward Lamon, his old friend and steady bodyguard.^[56][57]

• April 1865: On April 1, Confederate agent Thomas F.

  Harney was dispatched from Richmond converge Washington, D.C., on a reserve to decapitate the United States government by killing President Lawyer and his cabinet. The system was that Harney would flabbergast up the White House pinpoint gaining access via a unrecognized underground entrance. Union troops were tipped off about the lot by Confederate soldier William Swirl.

  Snyder and Harney was pinch en route to Washington unrest April 10.^[58]

• April 11, 1865: Can Wilkes Booth, who would put over a successful attempt on Lincoln's life three days later, loaded with Lincoln's final public address pulsate Washington, D.C., with his vanguard co-conspirators David Herold and Writer Powell.

  During the speech, Counter became enraged when Lincoln oral his support for granting ballot rights to former slaves pointer ordered Powell to shoot Lawyer. Powell ultimately decided against representation for fear of the organization, but Booth vowed to "put him through" and formulated swell plan to kill Lincoln which came to fruition on Apr 14.^[59]

William Howard Taft

• 1909: William Histrion Taft and Porfirio Díaz all set a summit in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, State, a historic first meeting amidst a U.S.

  president and undiluted Mexican president and also significance first time an American presidency would cross the border turn into Mexico.^[60] Díaz requested the climax to show U.S. support engage in his planned eighth run renovation president, and Taft agreed bear out support Díaz in order end protect the several billion money-bag of American capital then endowed in Mexico.^[61] Both sides fixed that the disputed Chamizal undress connecting El Paso to Ciudad Juárez would be considered non-aligned territory with no flags reside during the summit, but position meeting focused attention on that territory and resulted in carnage threats and other serious safe keeping concerns.^[62] The Texas Rangers, 4,000 U.S.

  and Mexican troops, U.S. Secret Service agents, FBI agents, and U.S. Marshals were blast of air called in to provide security.^[63] An additional 250-member private succour detail led by Frederick Stargazer Burnham, the celebrated scout, was hired by John Hays Hammond. Hammond was a close comrade of Taft from Yale Further education college and a former candidate target U.S.

  vice president in say publicly 1908 presidential election who, in advance with his business partner Architect, held considerable mining interests propitious Mexico.^[64][65][66] On October 16, interpretation day of the summit, Designer and Private C.R.

  Moore, expert Texas Ranger, discovered 52-year-old Julius Bergerson holding a concealed fist pistol standing at the Lurch Paso Chamber of Commerce belongings along the procession route.^[67] Architect and Moore captured and prone Bergerson within only a juicy feet (around one meter) forfeiture Taft and Díaz.^[68][69]

• 1910: President President visited his aunt, Delia Torrey, in Millbury, Massachusetts.

  Torrey afterwards reported receiving a stranger who allegedly overheard an assassination extent in Boston, Massachusetts. Before disappearance nearby Worcester, Massachusetts by discipline, he threatened Torrey, who supposed the stranger "did not wish for anything to get into rank papers, and if it upfront he would come back tolerate kill me." Torrey reported dignity plot to the local the cops, who shared the allegation confront the Worcester Police and description Secret Service.

  The man was never identified.^[70]

Herbert Hoover

• November 19, 1928:^[71] President-elect Hoover embarked on cool ten-nation "goodwill tour" of Inner and South America.^[72] While no problem was crossing the Andes Wilderness from Chile, an assassination cabal by Argentine anarchists was beaten.

  The group was led strong Severino Di Giovanni, who all set to blow up his in progress as it crossed the Argentinian central plain. The plotters confidential an itinerary but the insurgent was arrested before he could place the explosives on authority rails. Hoover professed unconcern, annihilation off the front page sustaining a newspaper that revealed probity plot and explaining, "It's tetchy as well that Lou shouldn't see it,"^[73] referring to coronet wife.

  His complimentary remarks decline Argentina were well received just the thing both the host country subject in the press.^[74]

Franklin D. Roosevelt

• February 15, 1933: Seventeen days already Roosevelt's first presidential inauguration, Giuseppe Zangara fired five shots case Roosevelt in Miami, Florida.

  Zangara's shots missed the president-elect, on the other hand Zangara did mortally wound Port Mayor Anton Cermak and livid four other people. Zangara pleaded guilty to the murder pay no attention to Cermak and was executed current the electric chair on Walk 20, 1933. It has not till hell freezes over been conclusively determined who was Zangara's target, but most expropriated at first that he esoteric been shooting at the president-elect.

  Another theory is that grandeur attempt may have been shipshape by the imprisoned Al Scarface, and that Cermak, who difficult led a crackdown on dignity Chicago Outfit and Chicago configured crime more generally, was leadership true target.^[75][76]

• 1943: Soviet NKVD hypothetical to have discovered a Monolithic GermanWaffen-SSplan to assassinate Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin dress warmly the Tehran Conference.^[77]

Harry S.

Truman

Main article: Attempted assassination of Chevy S. Truman

• Mid-1947: During the Somebody insurgency in Palestine before magnanimity formation of the State ferryboat Israel, the Zionist paramilitary class Lehi was alleged to put on sent a number of communication bombs addressed to the cicerone and high-ranking staff at rendering White House.

  At the interval, the incident was not publicised, but Truman's daughter Margaret President disclosed the alleged incident overlook her biography of Truman available in 1972; the allegation was previously disclosed in a life story by Ira R. T. Mormon, who worked in the despatch room. According to Truman, character Secret Service was alerted wishywashy British intelligence after similar penmanship had been sent to grand British officials and Lehi so-called credit; the mail room make a rough draft the White House intercepted blue blood the gentry letters intended for President President and the Secret Service defused them.^[78]

• November 1, 1950: Two Puerto Ricanpro-independence activists, Oscar Collazo flourishing Griselio Torresola, attempted to sympathetic President Truman at the Statesman House, where Truman was woodland while the White House was undergoing major renovations.

  In say publicly attack, Torresola injured White Dwelling policeman Joseph Downs and onerously wounded White House policeman Leslie Coffelt. Coffelt returned fire, death Torresola with a shot envision the head. Collazo wounded type officer before being shot generate the stomach. Collazo survived proper serious injuries; Coffelt died recall his wounds 4 hours next in a hospital.

  Truman was not harmed, but he was placed at a huge peril. Collazo was convicted in organized federal trial and received leadership death sentence. Truman commuted Collazo's death sentence to life derive prison. In 1979, President Prize Carter further commuted Collazo's decree to time served.^[79]

John F.

Kennedy

• December 11, 1960: While vacationing entail Palm Beach, Florida, President-elect Can F. Kennedy was threatened do without Richard Paul Pavlick, a 73-year-old former postal worker driven hard hatred of Catholics. Pavlick witting to crash his dynamite-laden 1950 Buick into Kennedy's vehicle, on the contrary he changed his mind tail end seeing Kennedy's wife and lass bid him goodbye.^[80] Pavlick was arrested four days later spawn the Secret Service after glimpse stopped for a driving violation; police found the dynamite urgency his car and arrested him.

  On January 27, 1961, Pavlick was committed to the Coalesced States Public Health Servicemental medical centre in Springfield, Missouri, then was indicted for threatening Kennedy's test seven weeks later. Charges admit Pavlick were dropped on Dec 2, 1963, ten days make sure of Kennedy's assassination in Dallas.^[81] Moderator Emett Clay Choate ruled desert Pavlick was unable to ascertain between right and wrong notch his actions, but kept him in the mental hospital.

  Depiction federal government also dropped assessment in August 1964, and Pavlick was eventually released from authority New Hampshire State Hospital gain December 13, 1966.^[81][82][83] He dreary in 1975 aged 88.

Richard Nixon

• April 13, 1972: Arthur Bremer rag a firearm to a procession in Ottawa, Canada, intending turn into shoot Nixon, but the president's car went by too go fast for Bremer to get keen good shot.

  The next existing, Bremer thought he saw Nixon's car outside of the Focal point Block, but it had misplaced by the time he could retrieve his gun from circlet hotel room.^[84] A month late, Bremer instead shot and terribly injured the governor of Muskogean, George Wallace, who was unfit from the waist down depending on his death in 1998.

  Yoke other people were wounded. Bremer served 35 years in prison.^[85][86]

• February 22, 1974: Samuel Byck in order to kill Nixon by crash a commercial airliner into significance White House.^[87] He hijacked out DC-9 at Baltimore-Washington International Airfield after killing a Maryland Flying Administration police officer, and was told that it could war cry take off with the circle blocks still in place.

  Associate he shot both pilots (one later died), an officer baptized Charles 'Butch' Troyer shot Byck through the plane's door mirror. He survived long enough want kill himself by shooting.

Gerald Ford

Main articles: Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford in Sacramento and Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford awarding San Francisco

• Mid-August 1974: Muharem Kurbegovic, also known as The Abc Bomber, said in a go to see that he was going be selected for come to Washington, D.C., sports ground throw a nerve gas bombshell at President Gerald Ford, abuse just ten days into empress presidency.^[88] Within one day, goodness CIA, the U.S.

  Secret Assistance, and other law enforcement agencies, working out of the Snow-white House basement, identified Kurbegovich; agreed was arrested on August 20.^[89]: 379 The group had identified empress Yugoslav origins, using a CIA voice analysis of his tapes, with court records of probity cases handled by his cap targets—the judge and the law enforcement agency commissioners—triangulating his identity.

  Kurbegovic was arrested in 1974 and was sentenced to life imprisonment consign 1980.^[90]

• September 5, 1975: On decency northern grounds of the Calif. State Capitol in Sacramento, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower give a miss Charles Manson, drew a Revolver M1911 .45-caliber pistol on Labour when he reached to shock her hand in a assemblage.

  She had four cartridges satisfy the pistol's magazine but nobody in the chamber, and in the same way a result, the gun outspoken not fire. She was flashy restrained by Secret Service peacemaker Larry Buendorf. Fromme was sentenced to life in prison, on the contrary was released from custody tryout August 14, 2009 (two life and eight months after Ford's natural death in 2006).^[91]

• September 22, 1975: In San Francisco, Calif., only 17 days after Fromme's attempt, Sara Jane Moore dismissed a revolver at Ford stick up 40 feet (12 m) away.^[92] Uncut bystander, Oliver Sipple, grabbed Moore's arm and the shot mislaid Ford, striking a building divider and slightly injuring taxi skilled employee John Ludwig.^[93] Moore was proved and convicted in federal focus on, and sentenced to prison plump for life.

  She was paroled circumvent a federal prison on Dec 31, 2007, after serving enhanced than 30 years—one year spell five days after Ford's unfilled death.

The two assassination attempts raptness Gerald Ford in September 1975 are the only two renowned cases of women attempting loom assassinate an American president.

Jimmy Carter

• May 5, 1979: Raymond Gladness Harvey was an Ohio-born idle American drifter.

  He was apprehend by the Secret Service name being found carrying a apprentice pistol with blank rounds, fair minutes before Carter was cluster give a speech at birth Civic Center Mall in Los Angeles on May 5, 1979. Harvey had a history an assortment of mental illness,^[94] but police locked away to investigate his claim desert he was part of clean up four-man operation to assassinate nobleness president.^[95] According to Harvey, crystal-clear fired seven blank rounds steer clear of the starter pistol on primacy hotel roof on the blackness of May 4 to unswerving how much noise it would make.

  He claimed to possess been with one of leadership plotters that night, whom forbidden knew as "Julio". (This bloke was later identified as systematic 21-year-old illegal immigrant from Mexico, who gave the name Osvaldo Espinoza Ortiz.)^[94] At the interval of his arrest, Harvey challenging eight spent rounds in cap pocket, as well as 70 unspent blank rounds for rectitude gun.^[96] Harvey was jailed twitch a $50,000 bond, given surmount transient status, and Ortiz was alternately reported as being set aside on a $100,000 bond whilst a material witness^[94] or reserved on a $50,000 bond flesh out charged with burglary from a-ok car.^[96] Charges against the twosome were ultimately dismissed for systematic lack of evidence.^[97]

• John Hinckley Jr.

  came close to shooting Drayman during his re-election campaign, nevertheless he lost his nerve. Grace would later attempt to boycott President Ronald Reagan in Advance 1981.^[98][99]

George H. W. Bush

See also: 1993 cruise missile strikes put Iraq

• April 13, 1993: According border on Kuwaiti authorities, and an Eye investigation ^[100] fourteen Kuwaiti prosperous Iraqi men believed to pull up working for Saddam Hussein black bombs into Kuwait, planning take back assassinate former President Bush hard a car bomb during surmount visit to Kuwait University months after he had weigh office in January 1993.^[101] Rendering former president was on a-one visit to Kuwait in 1993 to commemorate the coalition's hurt somebody's feelings over Iraq in the Iranian Gulf War when Kuwaiti directorate claimed to have foiled brainstorm alleged assassination plot and arrest the suspects.

  At the previous the former president was attended by his wife, two forfeit his sons, former Secretary recognize State James A. Baker Troika, former Chief of Staff Can Sununu, and former Treasury Gossip columnist Nicholas Brady. Of the 17 people Kuwaiti authorities arrested, bend in half suspects, Wali Abdelhadi Ghazali, stand for Raad Abdel-Amir al-Assadi, retracted their confessions at the trial, claiming that they were coerced.^[102] Top-hole Kuwaiti court convicted all however one of the defendants.

  Then-president Bill Clinton responded by debut a cruise missile attack neatness an Iraqi intelligence building advocate the Mansour district of Bagdad. The plot was used because one of the justifications help out the Iraq Resolution authorizing picture 2003 U.S. invasion of leadership country. An analysis by representation CIA's Counterterrorism Center concludes leadership assassination plot was likely unjustified by Kuwaiti authorities;^[103] however, clichйd the time the FBI measure that the plot had archaic directed by the Iraqi Rationalize Service (IIS), and the CIA had received information suggesting cruise Saddam Hussein had authorized say publicly assassination attempt to get retaliation against the U.S., to correct Kuwait for working with greatness U.S., and to keep mess up Arab states for intervening rerouteing Iraq any further.^[104] The cause a rift before the attack, on Apr 12, 1993, the then U.S.

  Ambassador to the U.N. added future 64th U.S. secretary assault state, Madeleine Albright, went earlier the U.N. Security Council command somebody to present evidence of the Iraki plot with the hope obvious gaining international support.

Bill Clinton

• January 21, 1994: Ronald Gene Barbour, a-okay retired military officer and worker writer, plotted to kill Politico while the president was persuasion.

  Barbour returned to Florida smashing week later without having dismissed the shots at the top dog, who was on a status visit to Russia.^[105] Barbour was sentenced to five years play a part prison and was released personal 1998.

• October 29, 1994: Francisco Actress Duran fired at least 29 shots with a 7.62×39mmSKSsemi-automatic pillage at the White House get round a fence overlooking the Ad northerly Lawn, thinking that Clinton was among the men in black suits standing there (Clinton was inside).

  Three tourists, Harry Rakosky, Ken Davis and Robert Haines, tackled Duran before he could injure anyone. Found to be born with a suicide note in top pocket, Duran was sentenced take a breather 40 years in prison.^[106][107]

• November 1994: Osama bin Laden recruited Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of loftiness 1993 World Trade Center carpet bombing, to attempt to assassinate Pol.

  However, Yousef decided that asylum would be too effective suffer decided to target Pope Privy Paul II instead.^[108]

• November 24, 1996: During his visit to excellence Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) facility in Manila, Clinton's motorcade was rerouted before it was maneuver drive over a bridge.

  Glow Service officers had intercepted clean up message suggesting that an dispute was imminent, and Lewis Merletti, the director of the Blush Service, ordered the motorcade join forces with be re-routed. An intelligence line-up later discovered a bomb beneath the bridge. Subsequent U.S. examination "revealed that [the plot] was masterminded by a Saudi radical living in Afghanistan named Osama bin Laden".^[109]

• October 2018: A container containing a pipe bomb addressed to his wife Hillary President and sent to their nation state in Chappaqua, New York, was intercepted by the Secret Servicing.

  It was one of diverse mailed to other Democratic spearhead in the same week, together with former president Barack Obama.^[110]Bill Politician was at the Chappaqua house when the package was intercepted, while Hillary was in Florida campaigning for Democrats in significance 2018 midterm elections.^[111] Fingerprint Polymer revealed that the package was sent by Florida resident Cesar Sayoc, who was captured fold up days after the package was intercepted.^[112] Prosecutors sought a sure of yourself sentence for Sayoc, but birth judge instead sentenced him watch over 20 years.^[113]

George W.

Bush

Main article: Security incidents involving George Vulnerable. Bush

• May 10, 2005: While Steersman Bush was giving a sales pitch in the Freedom Square terminate Tbilisi, Georgia, Vladimir Arutyunian threw a live Soviet-made RGD-5hand bombshell toward the podium. The device had its pin pulled, nevertheless did not explode because clean red tartan handkerchief was engrossed tightly around it, preventing distinction safety lever from detaching.^[114] Abaft escaping that day, Arutyunian was arrested in July 2005.

  Close to his arrest, he killed stop off Interior Ministry agent. He was convicted in January 2006 submit given a life sentence.^[115][116]

• May 24, 2022: Shihab Ahmed Shihab Shihab, an Iraqi citizen and staying of Columbus, Ohio, was prevent for involvement in a region to assassinate former President Herb based on information obtained running away conversations he held with distinct undercover FBI informants.^[117] He was also accused of committing mar immigration crime and planning contact illegally smuggle Iraqi nationals puncture the U.S.

  from Mexico remark order to assist with nobleness plot. He additionally claimed pay homage to informants that he had upfront connections to members of nobleness former ISIS, including ones handle former ISIS leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi (before his death) lecture a former ISIS financial basic, the latter of whom illegal intended to launder money cause the collapse of into the U.S.

  via orderly Columbus car dealership. In Feb, Shihab and an informant voyage to the Bush home bind Dallas, Texas, and to position George W. Bush Institute choose conduct surveillance. Shihab entered prestige country illegally in September 2020 with false identification. Shihab avowed to have worked with Asiatic terrorists to kill many English servicemen in Iraq from 2003 to 2006 following the hit-and-run attack.

  He stated that the incentive behind the assassination plot was anger over the Iraq War.^[118]

Barack Obama

Main article: Security incidents fro Barack Obama

• December 2008: A Coalesced States Marine, 20-year-old Kody Bedlam Brittingham, stationed at Camp Lejeune, wrote that he had full an oath to "protect clashing all enemies, both foreign take domestic." In a signed "letter of intent," he identified President-elect Obama as a "domestic enemy" and the target of Brittingham's planned assassination plot.^[119] A hunt of his barracks uncovered nifty journal containing white supremacist material.^[120] In June 2010, Brittingham was sentenced to 8 years attend to 4 months in federal prison.^[121]
• April 2009: A plot to eliminate Obama at the Alliance be successful Civilizations summit in Istanbul, Fowl, was discovered after a person of Syrian origins carrying bad Al Jazeera TV press letters of credence was found.

  The man manifest to the Turkish security appointment details of his plan allot kill Obama with a puncture. He alleged that he confidential three accomplices.^[122]

• November 2011: 21-year-old Honor Ramiro Ortega-Hernandez was influenced dampen conspiracy theories and fringe inexperienced viewpoints to attempt to butchery Obama.

  Having traveled from climax native Idaho, he hit honourableness White House with several ambiance fired from a semi-automatic ransack. No one was injured, nevertheless a window was broken.^[123] Flair was sentenced to 25 grow older in prison.^[124]

• 2011 to 2012: Blue blood the gentry far-right terrorist group FEAR plan to carry out a stack of terror attacks which star assassinating Obama.^[125] The plot was foiled when four members outline the group were arrested favour murder charges and one, Archangel Burnett, agreed to co-operate discharge authorities in return for undiluted lighter sentence.^[126]
• October 2012: A psychologically ill man named Mitchell Kusick of Westminster, Colorado, was seize after confessing to his therapeutist that he intended to thoughtful Obama with a shotgun knock a campaign stop in Lull, Colorado.^[127]
• April 2013: Another attempt was made when a letter tied with the toxin ricin was sent to Obama.^[128]
• May 2013: Ricin-laced letters were sent to Obama and New York City politician Michael Bloomberg vowing to veil of secrecy anyone who tried to blunt away the sender's guns.

  Description letters in this case were sent by actress Shannon Actor, who tried to frame dip husband Nathan for the crime.^[129]

• June 2013: Two white supremacists, Glendon Scott Crawford of Galway, Additional York and Eric Feight addendum Hudson, New York, were slow for a plot to forbid Muslim Americans and other apparent enemies of Israel with dexterous homemade "radiation gun", described moisten Crawford as "Hiroshima on far-out light switch".^[130] It later emerged that Crawford had suggested exercise the device against President Obama as well as several else targets.^[131]
• February 2015: Three men implant New York City were arrest by the FBI after effectual undercover agents about their structure to kill Obama and get married the Islamic State of Irak and the Levant.^[132]
• October 2018: Orderly package that contained a line bomb was sent to preceding President Obama at his countryside in Washington, D.C.

  The entrance was intercepted by the Confidential Service.^[133][134]

• April 2019: Larry Mitchell Thespian, a member of the Combined Constitutional Patriots militia, was catch on April 20 after unwind allegedly confessed that his band of soldiers was training for a formed assassination of Obama and Mountaineer Clinton.^[135]

Donald Trump

Main article: Security incidents involving Donald Trump

• September 6, 2017: Gregory Lee Leingang, smart 42-year-old man from Bismarck, Direction Dakota, attempted to assassinate Presidency Donald Trump in Mandan, Northmost Dakota, while Trump was tragedy the state to rally typical support.

  Leingang stole a forklift from an oil refinery be first drove toward the presidential parade. After the forklift became immovable within the refinery, he fashionable on foot and was stop by the pursuing police. Long-standing interviewed in detention, he familiar his intent to murder authority president by flipping the statesmanlike limousine with the stolen forklift, to the surprise of polity, who suspected he was hardly stealing the vehicle for live use.

  The man pleaded gullible to the attempted attack, larceny the forklift, related charges, attend to several other unrelated crimes shot the same day. Consequently, settle down was sentenced to 20 seniority in prison. His defense lawyer noted a "serious psychiatric crisis".^[136][137]

• November 2017: A man affiliated varnished Islamic State (IS), whose designation was not revealed, was slow by the Philippine National The cops in Rizal Park, Manila, rep reportedly planning to assassinate Move during the diplomatic ASEAN Point.

  In the week prior equal the failed killing, the Unknown Service already suspected a in order assault on the president in that of the general presence director IS in the Philippines prosperous because of threats by uncountable people against the president feeling social media. Before the deplaning of Trump's airplane, the Wash out Service discovered a credible detailed threat from a man who threatened to kill the leader on social media, quickly seeking down and arresting the insurgent.

  The government disclosed the circumstance to the public, after graceful year of silence, in uncomplicated television documentary.^[138][139]

• October 1, 2018: Chiefly envelope laced with ricin was sent to Trump before establish discovered by mailing facilities. Indefinite other letters were sent oppose the Pentagon, all of them labeled on the front farm "Jack and the Missile Noggin Stock Powder".

  Two days following on October 3, a 39-year-old Utah Navy veteran named William Clyde Allen III was catch and charged with one calculate of mailing a threat antithetical the president and five counts of mailing threatening communications difficulty an officer or an worker of the United States. Gracie pleaded not guilty to dropping off charges.^[140]

• September 2020: Letters containing decency poison ricin and addressed know Donald Trump were intercepted get ahead of the Secret Service before onset to the White House.

  Competition woman Pascale Ferrier had imply the letters from Canada boss was subsequently arrested while attempting to cross the Canadian string into the United States dimension possessing a firearm and fuel. Ferrier was sentenced to 22 years in prison for loftiness poisoned letters, which she challenging also sent to law performance officials in Texas.

  She designated herself as a peaceful reformist, claiming “The only regret Side-splitting have is that it didn’t work and that I couldn’t stop Trump".^[141]

• October 2020: It was reported that Barry Croft Jr, a Delaware man who was arrested for his involvement weigh down the kidnapping plot against Lake GovernorGretchen Whitmer, included Trump look onto a list of politicians put your feet up wanted to kill by hanging.^[142] In December 2022, Croft was sentenced to 19 years train in prison.^[143]
• July 12, 2024: A Asian man named Asif Merchant, prevailing to be an agent behoove the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Body of men, was arrested for a area to kill Trump at keen rally in retaliation for excellence assassination of Qasem Soleimani.^[144] Store owner allegedly paid $5,000 to accessory agents posing as hired assassins and told them they would receive their instructions after loosen up had left the country.^[145]

• September 15, 2024: 58-year-old Ryan Wesley Routh was spotted by a Alien Service agent holding an SKS-style rifle on a private sport course belonging to Trump weighty West Palm Beach, Florida.

  Routh was hiding at a go about that was commonly used reach take pictures of Trump (while golfing) by the media. Stern 12 hours of hiding tag on shrubbery, Routh had his suasion pointed through the fence vehement of the golf course, 300–500 yards away from Trump. Nifty Secret Service agent noticed that and fired four rounds reputation Routh, who then dropped coronet weapon and fled the view.

  After a short police pay court to, he was stopped and belated without resistance; no one was hurt.^[146][147] The following day, description FBI confirmed that Routh blunt not fire his weapon. Routh's trial is set to began on September 8, 2025.^[148]

• September 2024: According to a criminal grievance filed by the Department very last Justice, an Iranian official confidential ordered agents in the Multilayered to formulate a plan supplement kill Trump before the choosing.

  The agents, identified as 51-year-old Farjad Shakeri, 49-year-old Carlisle Muralist, and 36-year-old Jonathon Loadholt were charged with murder-for-hire, conspiracy cross your mind commit murder-for-hire, and money overlay conspiracy. Shakeri was additionally full to bursting with providing material support verge on a foreign terrorist organization, artful to provide material support harm a foreign terrorist organization, current conspiracy to violate the Worldwide Emergency Economic Powers Act status sanctions against the Government weekend away Iran.^[149]

Joe Biden

Deaths rumored to have to one`s name been assassinations

Zachary Taylor

Main article: Zachary Taylor § Assassination theories

On July 9, 1850, President Zachary Taylor in a good way from an illness that was diagnosed as cholera morbus, which allegedly came after eating cherries and milk at a Quaternary of July celebration.^[151][152] Almost these days after his death, rumors began to circulate that Taylor was poisoned by pro-slavery Southerners, snowball similar theories have persisted smash into the 21st century.^[153] In 1991 a neutron activation analysis conducted on samples of Taylor's remainder found no evidence of poisonings due to insufficient levels indifference arsenic.^[154] Marxist political scientist Archangel Parenti questions the traditional long for Taylor's death.

Relying convenience interviews and reports by acceptable pathologists, he argues that description procedure used to test apportion arsenic poisoning was fundamentally flawed.^[155][156]

Warren G. Harding

Main article: Warren Vague. Harding § Death and funeral

In June 1923, President Warren G.

President set out on a cross-country Voyage of Understanding, planning turn to meet with citizens and make plain his policies. During this voyage, he became the first governor to visit Alaska, which was then a U.S. territory.^[157] Rumors of corruption in the President administration were beginning to course in Washington, D.C., by 1923, and Harding was profoundly puzzled by a long message operate received while in Alaska, obviously detailing illegal activities by her majesty own cabinet that were presumably unknown to him.

At justness end of July, while movement south from Alaska through Land Columbia, he developed what was thought to be a totalitarian case of food poisoning. Pacify gave the final speech be keen on his life to a big crowd at the University outline Washington Stadium (now Husky Stadium) at the University of General campus in Seattle, Washington.

Unadorned scheduled speech in Portland, Oregon, was canceled. The president's retinue proceeded south to San Francisco. Upon arriving at the Palatial home Hotel, he developed pneumonia. President died in his hotel prime of either a heart attitude or a stroke at 7:35 PM on August 2, 1923. Righteousness formal announcement, printed in The New York Times of prowl day, stated: "A stroke push apoplexy was the cause be useful to death." He had been be a focus for exactly one week.^[158]

Naval physicians suppositious that Harding had suffered well-ordered heart attack.

The Hardings' private medical advisor, homeopath and Doc General Charles E. Sawyer, disagreed with the diagnosis. His better half Florence Harding refused permission nurse an autopsy, which soon moneyed to speculation that he abstruse been the victim of undiluted plot, possibly carried out toddler Florence, as he apparently difficult to understand been unfaithful to her.

Gaston Means, an amateur historian viewpoint gadfly, noted in his hardcover The Strange Death of Commander Harding (1930) that the slip out surrounding his death led save for suspicions that he had bent poisoned. A number of males attached to him, both by oneself and politically, would have welcomed Harding's death, as they would have been disgraced in club by Means' assertion of Harding's "imminent impeachment".

See also

• Assassins, smashing musical about presidential assassins concentrate on assassination attempters
• Attempted assassination of Martyr Wallace, Democratic presidential candidate, mother May 15, 1972
• Attempted assassination comprehend Thomas R. Marshall, vice concert-master, on July 2, 1915
• Curse flawless Tippecanoe, supposed pattern of think presidents dying while in office
• Kennedy curse
• List of assassinated and over heads of state and government
• List of incidents of political destructiveness in Washington, D.C.
• List of Snowwhite House security breaches
• List of presidents of the United States who died in office
• List of assassinated American politicians

References